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151.
Kowalewicz-Kulbat M Kaźmierczak D Donevski S Biet F Pestel J Rudnicka W 《Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society》2008,46(2):153-157
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live vaccine that has been used in routine vaccination against tuberculosis for nearly 80 years. However, its efficacy is controversial. The failure of BCG vaccination may be at least partially explained by the induction of poor or inappropriate host responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are likely to play a key role in the induction of immune response to mycobacteria by polarizing the reactivity of T lymphocytes toward a Th1 profile, contributing to the generation of protective cellular immunity against mycobacteria. In this study we aimed to investigate the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by naive CD4+ T cells to mycobacterial antigen-pulsed DCs in the group of young, healthy BCG vaccinated volunteers. The response of naive helper T cells was compared with the response of total blood lymphocytes. Our present results clearly showed that circulating naive CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes from BCG-vaccinated subjects can become effector helper cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-5 under the stimulation by autologous dendritic cells presenting mycobacterial protein antigen-PPD or infected with live M. bovis BCG bacilli. 相似文献
152.
The exogenous introduction of a molecular species mixture of bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) has been claimed to improve memory function in subjects suffering from age-associated memory impairment and dementia. However, it has been also reported that oral administration of another molecular species mixture of transphosphatidylated-soybean phosphatidylserine (T-Soy-PS) showed a little effect in older individuals with memory complaints. In this study, a new type of mixture of transphosphatidylated-fish liver phosphatidylserine (T-FL-PS) species, as well as intact molecular species of the two commercial products of T-Soy-PS made in the United States and Europe, were characterized by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, and molecular species of various transphosphatidylated PSs, including T-FL-PS, T-Soy-PS and transphosphatidylated-squid skin phosphatidylserine (T-SS-PS) were then compared with those of BC-PS for the first time. The results show that (i) the presence of a relatively high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing species (more than 45%) is remarkable in T-FL-PS, (ii) DHA-ether PS species are found only in T-FL-PS, especially the species (about 17%) made from marine fish liver, rather than BC-PS and T-SS-PS, and (iii) DHA species present in both T-FL-PS and T-SS-PS are significantly enriched, compared with those in BC-PS (about 10%) and T-Soy-PS (no DHA species). We conclude that mixtures of T-FL-PS and T-SS-PS species are considered to be qualified alternatives of BC-PS supplement used as brain nutrients. It is expected that intact structural information on molecular species in current and potential transphosphatidylated PS products provided here will be useful in the further study and development of therapeutic roles of the phospholipid at molecular species level. 相似文献
153.
Mixed monolayers of the ganglioside GM1 and the lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidlycholine (DPPC) at air-water and solid-air interfaces were investigated using various biophysical techniques to ascertain the location and phase behavior of the ganglioside molecules in a mixed membrane. The effects induced by GM1 on the mean molecular area of the binary mixtures and the phase behavior of DPPC were followed for GM1 concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 mol %. Surface pressure isotherms and fluorescence microscopy imaging of domain formation indicate that at low concentrations of GM1 (<25 mol %), the monolayer becomes continually more condensed than DPPC upon further addition of ganglioside. At higher GM1 concentrations (>25 mol %), the mixed monolayer becomes more expanded or fluid-like. After deposition onto a solid substrate, atomic force microscopy imaging of these lipid monolayers showed that GM1 and DPPC pack cooperatively in the condensed phase domain to form geometrically packed complexes that are more ordered than either individual component as evidenced by a more extended total height of the complex arising from a well-packed hydrocarbon tail region. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction on the DPPC/GM1 binary mixture provides evidence that ordering can emerge when two otherwise fluid components are mixed together. The addition of GM1 to DPPC gives rise to a unit cell that differs from that of a pure DPPC monolayer. To determine the region of the GM1 molecule that interacts with the DPPC molecule and causes condensation and subsequent expansion of the monolayer, surface pressure isotherms were obtained with molecules modeling the backbone or headgroup portions of the GM1 molecule. The observed concentration-dependent condensing and fluidizing effects are specific to the rigid, sugar headgroup portion of the GM1 molecule. 相似文献
154.
155.
Quantitative real-time PCR assay to detect transgene copy number in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR detection system was developed to examine transgene copy number in cotton. GhUBC1, a gene validated to be present as a single copy per haploid Gossypium hirsutum genome, was used as the endogenous reference to estimate copy number of GFP and selection marker NPTII in 28 T0 plants. This system was found to be more accurate than genomic Southern blot hybridization and could effectively tell homozygotes from heterozygotes in a T1 transgenic cotton population. Therefore it is suitable for efficient and cost effective early screening of transgenic seedlings and identifying transgene homozygotes in segregation populations. 相似文献
156.
Wu WK Sung JJ Yu L Li ZJ Chu KM Cho CH 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,373(2):330-334
Hyperphosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2) is known to promote cancer cell proliferation. We therefore investigated the constitutive phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and the expression of its downstream targets c-Fos, c-Jun, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in biopsied human gastric cancer tissues. Results showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-Jun expression were significantly lowered in gastric cancer compared with the non-cancer adjacent tissues. The expression of c-Fos, however, was not altered while COX-2 was significantly up-regulated. To conclude, we demonstrate that hypophosphorylation of ERK1/2 may occur in gastric cancer. Such discovery may have implication in the application of pathway-directed therapy for this malignant disease. 相似文献
157.
E Politowska R Ka?mierkiewicz V Wiegand F Fahrenholz J Ciarkowski 《Acta biochimica Polonica》2001,48(1):83-93
Cholesterol, an integral component of membranes in Eucaryota, is a modifier of membrane properties. In vivo studies have demonstrated that cholesterol can also modulate activities of some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are integral membrane proteins. This can result either from an effect of cholesterol on the membrane fluidity or from specific interactions of the membrane cholesterol with the receptor, as recently demonstrated for the cholecystokinin type beta (CCKRbeta) or the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Using molecular modelling, we studied conformational preferences of cholesterol and several of its analogues. Subsequently, we simulated the distributions of their preferred conformations around the surface of OTR, CCKRbeta and a chimeric oxytocin/cholecystokinin receptor. Consequently, we suggest residues on the surface of OTR which are potentially significant in the OTR/cholesterol interaction. 相似文献
158.
Zabłotna Ewa Kaźmierczak Katarzyna Jaśkiewicz Anna Kupryszewski Gotfryd Rolka Krzysztof 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2002,9(2-3):131-134
Summary Trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 isolated from sunflower seeds (comprising 14 amino acid residues and two cycles: head-to-tail cyclisation
and disulfide bridge) is the smallest naturally occurring plant serine proteinase inhibitor. In our recent paper we have shown
that the elimination head-to-tail cyclisation did not change trypsin inhibitory activity as judged by measured by association
equilibrium constants K
a
. The removal of disulfide bridge produced 2.4-fold lower activity. In the present paper we described chymotrypsin inhibitory
activity. SFTI-1 inhibits significantly lower bovine α-chymortypsin (K
a
=(5.20±1.56)×106 M−1). The activity of the analogue with disulfide bridge only was practically the same, whereas the K
a
value determined for homodetic peptide was almost 3-fold lower. Considering the results obtained and the recent literature
data we postulate the lower inhibitory activity against both enzymes of the analogue with head-to-tail cyclisation only reflect
its lower proteolytic stability. 相似文献
159.
Mikulášová Mária Košíková Božena Alexy Pavol Kačík František Urgelová Emília 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(6):601-607
The ability of the lignin-degrading microorganism Phanerochaete chrysosporium to attack polyethylene and polypropylene was investigated using a series of polymer blends containing 10, 20 and 30% lignin obtained from the waste product of pulp and paper industry. In the cultivation medium, lignin peroxidase and Mn(II)peroxidase activities were detected. Degradation was verified by quantitative u.v. spectrophotometric analysis of the cultivation medium and by liberation of CO2 from the blends. Measurement of the tensile strength after 30-days cultivation showed that the mechanical properties of the polymer blends were decreased during the biodegradation process. The isolation of oligomer fractions by tetrahydrofuran (THF) extraction of biodegraded polymers and their characterization by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), u.v. and Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates that biotransformation of the lignin component during the cultivation process initiates partial biodegradation of the synthetic polymer matrix. 相似文献
160.