大叶杨干旱和水淹胁迫的转录组分析

大叶杨（Populus lasiocarpa）是中国特有的杨属物种,干旱和水淹是影响大叶杨生长和分布范围的两个关键因子。AP2/ERF转录因子家族在植物响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。本研究采用转录组测序、生物信息学分析手段并结合分子实验验证初步鉴定了参与大叶杨干旱和水淹胁迫响应的关键基因。研究结果显示：（1）在大叶杨中分别鉴定到3,986/385个响应干旱/水淹胁迫的差异表达基因,其中包括237个同时响应干旱和水淹胁迫的差异表达基因。（2）在大叶杨中共鉴定到205个AP2/ERF家族成员,系统发育分析表明其在大叶杨中主要分为5个亚家族,并显著富集于差异表达基因中。（3）筛选部分胁迫前后差异表达的PlAP2/ERF基因进行qRT-PCR实验,经证实这些基因在大叶杨受到干旱/水淹胁迫时均可被诱导表达。综上,大叶杨在水淹胁迫下的差异表达基因数量明显少于干旱胁迫,AP2/ERF基因家族的部分基因参与到大叶杨干旱/水淹胁迫的应激表达过程。     

蝉花中营养成分的研究

本文对蝉花中的氨基酸、无机元素、甘露醇以及糖类等营养成分进行了分析测定,并跟与之有亲缘关系的名贵中药冬虫夏草进行比较,为蝉花的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

茜草属药用植物的研究——Ⅲ.11种茜草属药材的组织形成学研究

本文除对主流商品茜草的生药性状和组织构造作了较全面的描述,还利用图、表及照片列出狭叶茜草P.truppeliana Loes、Loeb、小红参(滇茜草)R.yunnomensis Dtels、中华茜草R.chinensis Regel et maack、大叶茜草R.schumanniana Pritz、按针叶茜草R.lanceolata Hayata、大茜草R.magna Hisao、钩毛茜草R.oncotrucha Hand-Mazz、红花茜草R.podantha Diels、金剑草R.alata Wall、新疆茜草(洋茜草)R.tinctorum L等10种与茜草Rubia cordifolia L的主要区别点,并作药材检索表,以利鉴别。     

Applying single-cell highly multiplexed secretome proteomics to characterize immunotherapeutic products and predict clinical responses

Genetically and phenotypically identical immune cell populations can be highly heterogenous in terms of their immune functions and protein secretion profiles. The microfluidic chip-based single-cell highly multiplexed secretome proteomics enables characterization of cellular heterogeneity of immune responses at different cellular and molecular layers. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that polyfunctional T cells that simultaneously produce 2+ proteins per cell at the single-cell level are key effector cells that contribute to the development of potent and durable cellular immunity against pathogens and cancers. The functional proteomic technology offers a wide spectrum of cellular function assessment and can uniquely define highly polyfunctional cell subsets with cytokine signatures from live individual cells. This high-dimensional single-cell analysis provides deep dissection into functional heterogeneity and helps identify predictive biomarkers and potential correlates that are crucial for immunotherapeutic product design optimization and personalized immunotherapy development to achieve better clinical outcomes.     

Low genetic diversity and population connectivity fuel vulnerability to climate change for the Tertiary relict pine Pinus bungeana

Endemic species are important components of regional biodiversity and hold the key to understanding local adaptation and evolutionary processes that shape species distributions. This study investigated the biogeographic history of a relict conifer Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. confined to central China. We examined genetic diversity in P. bungeana using genotyping-by-sequencing and chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA markers. We performed spatial and temporal inference of recent genetic and demographic changes, and dissected the impacts of geography and environmental gradients on population differentiation. We then projected P. bungeana's risk of decline under future climates. We found extremely low nucleotide diversity (average π 0.0014), and strong population structure (global F_ST 0.234) even at regional scales, reflecting long-term isolation in small populations. The species experienced severe bottlenecks in the early Pliocene and continued to decline in the Pleistocene in the western distribution, whereas the east expanded recently. Local adaptation played a small (8%) but significant role in population diversity. Low genetic diversity in fragmented populations makes the species highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly in marginal and relict populations. We suggest that conservation efforts should focus on enhancing gene pool and population growth through assisted migration within each genetic cluster to reduce the risk of further genetic drift and extinction.