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21.
Allozyme variation among biotypes of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens in the Philippines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Allozyme variation was studied in threeNilaparvata lugens biotypes infesting specific rice varieties and a biotype infesting a weed grass,Leersia hexandra. Of the 20 enzymes inN. lugens for which activity was noted, 9 were polymorphic. Eleven enzyme loci were monomorphic for the same allele in all biotype
populations; the rest were polymorphic for two or more alleles. The mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.3,
while the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.5; heterozygosity ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 (biotype 1 > biotype 3 >Leersia-infesting biotype > biotype 2). Allelic frequency differences were observed in five loci among the four biotypes. However,
the coefficient of genetic identity (I) of 0.99+ showed that the four biotype populations were genetically close relatives or merely populations ofN. lugens undergoing genetic differentiation.
This work was partly supported by a financial grant received from the Directorate for Technical Cooperation and Humanitarian
Aid, Switzerland. 相似文献
22.
23.
Julio Fernández Pardal Enri Borda Martha F. Gimeno Alvaro L. Gimeno 《Life sciences》1981,29(15):1583-1589
The spontaneous 3H-noradrenaline efflux from the isolated epididymal and prostatic portions of the rat vas deferens, was investigated. The spontaneous tritium efflux was higher in the epididymal portion than in the prostatic one from normal animals. Such differences were abolished after castration. On the other hand, acetylsalicylic acid enhanced the total tritium efflux only in the epididymal portion, whereas phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine increased the total tritium efflux from the two portions of the rat vas deferens in both experimental groups. The prostatic portion released a similar amount of 3H normetanephrine than the apididymal end, whereas other metabolic fractions (3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol; 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and O-methylated deaminated metabolites) were smaller in the prostatic portion in comparison with the epididymal portion from control vas deferens. The results presented in the isolated rat vas deferens suggest the existence of a prostaglandin as well as an alpha adrenoceptive modulation of the spontaneous total tritium efflux. 相似文献
24.
Gene expression in normal and virally transformed mouse 3T3B and hamster BHK21 cells 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Cell lines 3T3B (mouse), 3T3B-SV40, BHK21 (hamster) and BHK21 polyoma virus (PyY) were labelled with [35S]methionine under conditions in which 500–600 cpm were incorporated per cell during a 20 h incubation period. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the total [35S]methionine-labelled polypeptides from 200–300 cells followed by fluorography revealed about 500 acidic (isoelectric focusing, IEF) and 150 basic polypeptides (non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE) whose position could be reproducibly assessed. Counting of 33 abundant acidic polypeptides present in both 3T3B and 3T3B-SV40 revealed significant changes in the relative proportion of ten of them. Seven, including the subunit of the 100 Å filaments ‘fibroblast type’ (55K) (1.1% in 3T3B; 0.6% in 3T3B-SV40), three cytoarchitectural proteins and three soluble proteins, corresponded to a decrease of 40% or more in the radioactivity of the spots in transformed cells, and only in three cases was there a significant increase in radioactivity of polypeptides in 3T3B-SV40 cells. Among the polypeptides that show less than 40% variation we have identified total actin (42K) (13% of total label in 3T3B; 10% in 3T3B-SV40), α- and β-tubulin (55K) (1.6% of total label in 3T3B; 2% in 3T3B-SV40), eleven polypeptides present in Triton skeletons, and nine soluble proteins. We have also observed 25 obvious changes in polypeptide intensities (16 acidic and 9 basic) but these were not quantitated. Only three polypeptides were found in transformed cells that were not detected in normal cells. One of these corresponded to the large T antigen and the other two to Triton-soluble proteins of a molecular weight in the range of 52–54K. Similar quantitative studies on the hamster BHK21/BHK21PyY pair confirmed at least the major observations made in 3T3B and 3T3B-SV40. 相似文献
25.
A simple and rapid assay for quantitative determinations of DNA in crude homogenates is described. The method is based on the enhancement of fluorescence seen when bisbenzimidazole (Hoechst 33258) binds to DNA. Crude homogenates in which chromatin has been dissociated with high salt buffer can be assayed directly and reliably in a few minutes. The dissociation of chromatin is critical to accurate determinations of DNA in biological materials using this method. The assay can detect as little as 10 ng of DNA with rather unsophisticated instrumentation. 相似文献
26.
Photosynthetic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) fractions I and II, earlier purified from spinach leaves, show a similar amino acid composition, with the exception of a higher glutamic acid content in the latter. In both fractions glutamic and aspartic acids are the main amino acids. pH activity profiles of fractions I and II are similar, with optima at 8·65–8·70, both showing a high specificity for fructose- 1,6-diphosphate. These two fractions are Mg2+-dependent for activity, with an Optimum Mg2+ concentration of 10 mM in standard conditions, which shifts to 5 mM when the MG2+/EDTA ratio is increased to 10; Mn2+ and Co2+ are slightly active. EDTA enhances FDPase activity slightly, with an optimum at 0·4–0·8 mM. Cysteine has no activating effect, and acts as an inhibitor above 10 mM. Both I and II have an optimum substrate concentration of 4 mM, and the substrate inhibits at concns above this value. Kinetic velocity curves are sigmoidal, with the concave zone located in the range of physiological substrate concns. (Hill coefficient 1·75 for both). This suggests a strong regulatory role of fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Km values are 1·4 × 10−3 M (fraction I) and 1·1 × 10−3 M (fraction II). The highest activity rate occurs at 60°, in accordance with the high thermostability of both fractions; the activation energies are 14·3 kcal/mol (fraction I) and 13·0 kcal/mol (fraction II). 相似文献
27.
Jiwen Liu Zice Fu An-Rong Li Michael Johnson Liusheng Zhu Andrew Marcus Jay Danao Tim Sullivan George Tonn Tassie Collins Julio Medina 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(17):5114-5118
The evaluation of the CXCR3 antagonist AMG 487 in clinic trials was complicated due to the formation of an active metabolite. In this Letter, we will discuss the further optimization of the quinazolinone series that led to the discovery of compounds devoid of the formation of the active metabolite that was seen with AMG 487. In addition, these compounds also feature increased potency and good pharmacokinetic properties. We will also discuss the efficacy of the lead compound 34 in a mouse model of cellular recruitment induced by bleomycin. 相似文献
28.
Cytoskeleton proteins are substrates for proteases and further apoptotic death. We evaluated the participation of cytoskeleton
in morphological changes during cell death induced by two apoptotic conditions, potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine,
in cerebellar granule neurons (CGC). We found that K5 induced somatic damage, but neurites were relatively preserved, which
corresponded to the reorganization of actin and α-tubulin in neurites. Staurosporine (STS) induced an early alteration of
neurites with reorganization of cytoskeleton proteins in somas. Caspase inhibitor ZVAD totally inhibited STS-induced α-tubulin
reorganization and partially blocked STS-induced actin reorganization. α-tubulin and actin reorganization induced by K5 was
affected by ZVAD. Calpain inhibitor (IC1) did not affect α-tubulin or actin reorganization induced by STS, K5 or ionomycin.
Neither ZVAD, nor IC1 changed α-tubulin or actin levels upon K5 treatment. STS increased α-tubulin and actin levels, but neither
ZVAD nor IC1 changed α-tubulin levels upon STS treatment. In contrast, ZVAD reduced the STS-induced increase of actin. These
results suggest that CGC cytoskeleton proteins undergo a differential expression and reorganization depending on the apoptotic
condition. 相似文献
29.
Marinés de la Peña‐Domene Henry F. Howe Emiliano Cruz‐León Rita Jiménez‐Rolland Cesar Lozano‐Huerta Cristina Martínez‐Garza 《Oikos》2017,126(3):410-419
Recognition that tree recruitment depends on the balance between seed arrival and seedling survival has led to a surge of interest in seed‐dispersal limitation and seedling‐establishment limitation in primary forests. Virtually unaddressed are comparisons of this balance in mature and early successional habitats. We assessed seed rain and seedling recruitment dynamics of tree species in primary forest, secondary forest and pasture released from grazing in a tropical agricultural landscape. Seed to seedling ratios (seed effectiveness; Φi) for 43 species in southern Mexico determined differences in the extent to which seeds produced seedlings by habitat, life history, and dispersal mode. Reproductive potential as estimated by the transition from seed rain to seedling recruitment, differed by habitats, and varied dramatically by life history and dispersal mode. Expected recruit densities (Eit) were higher for animal‐dispersed than wind‐dispersed species, and for non‐pioneer than pioneer species. Non‐pioneers and animal‐dispersed species had higher expected relative recruit abundance (εit) in primary forest (median of 4 seeds recruit?1) whereas in secondary forest wind‐dispersed pioneers had the highest expected relative recruit abundance (median of 16 seeds per recruit). In pastures, wind‐dispersed pioneer species were most successful with many more seeds per recruit (median of 291) than both forest habitats. Seeds per recruit (Φi) appeared to decrease with increase in seed mass for 43 species for which data were available (r = –0.55, P < 0.001). This was associated with a negative correlation of Φi with seed size in primary forest (r = –0.50, P = 0.08 for 13 species); Φi was not correlated with seed size in secondary forest (n = 16) or pasture (n = 14). Metrics of seeds per recruit, expected recruit density and expected relative recruit abundance dramatically illustrate differences in barriers to recruitment in successional habitats. 相似文献
30.
Julio Álvarez Andrés Perez Sergio Marqués Javier Bezos Anna Grau Maria Luisa de la Cruz Beatriz Romero Jose Luis Saez Maria del Rosario Esquivel Maria del Carmen Martínez Olga Mínguez Lucía de Juan Lucas Domínguez 《BMC veterinary research》2014,10(1):1-10