全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7228篇 |
免费 | 476篇 |
国内免费 | 635篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 152篇 |
2021年 | 362篇 |
2020年 | 236篇 |
2019年 | 311篇 |
2018年 | 281篇 |
2017年 | 226篇 |
2016年 | 307篇 |
2015年 | 460篇 |
2014年 | 526篇 |
2013年 | 576篇 |
2012年 | 660篇 |
2011年 | 632篇 |
2010年 | 406篇 |
2009年 | 338篇 |
2008年 | 403篇 |
2007年 | 352篇 |
2006年 | 314篇 |
2005年 | 286篇 |
2004年 | 237篇 |
2003年 | 191篇 |
2002年 | 158篇 |
2001年 | 107篇 |
2000年 | 90篇 |
1999年 | 94篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 67篇 |
1996年 | 63篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8339条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Xindong Xu Yifeng Wang Changhong Wang Gangqiang Guo Xinyu Yu Yang Dai Yaobao Liu Guiying Wei Xiaohui He Ge Jin Ziqiu Zhang Qingtian Guan Arnab Pain Shengyue Wang Wenbao Zhang Neil D. Young Robin B. Gasser Donald P. McManus Jun Cao Qi Zhou Qingfeng Zhang 《Molecular ecology resources》2023,23(1):205-221
62.
63.
64.
65.
Xiaoyan Guo Yunfang Gao Fangzheng Liu Yong Tao Haibo Jin Jianjun Wang Sheng Wu 《Microbial biotechnology》2023,16(6):1333-1343
R-1,3-butanediol (R-1,3-BDO) is an important chiral intermediate of penem and carbapenem synthesis. Among the different synthesis methods to obtain pure enantiomer R-1,3-BDO, oxidation–reduction cascades catalysed by enzymes are promising strategies for its production. Dehydrogenases have been used for the reduction step, but the enantio-selectivity is not high enough for further organic synthesis efforts. Here, a short-chain carbonyl reductase (LnRCR) was evaluated for the reduction step and developed via protein engineering. After docking result analysis with the substrate 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (4H2B), residues were selected for virtual mutagenesis, their substrate-binding energies were compared, and four sites were selected for saturation mutagenesis. High-throughput screening helped identify a Ser154Lys mutant which increased the catalytic efficiency by 115% compared to the parent enzyme. Computer-aided simulations indicated that after single residue replacement, movements in two flexible areas (VTDPAF and SVGFANK) facilitated the volumetric compression of the 4H2B-binding pocket. The number of hydrogen bonds between the stabilized 4H2B-binding pocket of the mutant enzyme and substrate was higher (from four to six) than the wild-type enzyme, while the substrate-binding energy was decreased (from −17.0 kJ/mol to −29.1 kJ/mol). Consequently, the catalytic efficiency increased by approximately 115% and enantio-selectivity increased from 95% to 99%. Our findings indicate that compact and stable substrate-binding pockets are critical for enzyme catalysis. Lastly, the utilization of a microbe expressing the Ser154Lys mutant enzyme was proven to be a robust process to conduct the oxidation–reduction cascade at larger scales. 相似文献
66.
生物成矿作用与生物矿化作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
列举55种生物矿物,其中包括氧化物,含氧盐,水化物,羟基化物,钙化合物,指出它们通常经历非晶质、过渡、成熟和石化等4个相阶段。根据生物矿物体的元素丰度顺序与岩石圈和生物圈对比,将生矿元素分为6类。提出生矿元素保留于生物体内8种形式,即可溶无机化合物、有机络合物、生矿粒、生矿簇、骨针、骨片、骨壳和骨骼,并以磷为例阐明了生矿元素的富集过程。按照生物作用型式,建议划分生物矿床为堆积、粘结、吸附和储集4种成因类型,分别讨论它们成矿的生物、矿物和矿床,分析形成的环境、过程和阶段,并介绍中国某些著名生物矿床实例。最后总结了生物矿床的地史演化趋向:金属硫化物矿床→条带状硅铁(锰)粘结矿床→叠层状白云岩粘结矿床→磷酸盐和碳酸锰粘结矿床→铅锌和油气储集矿床→煤和油气。 相似文献
67.
Zhan Wang Suzon Larocque Evgeny Vinogradov Jean-Robert Brisson Andrew Dacanay Marshall Greenwell Laura L Brown Jianjun Li Eleonora Altman 《European journal of biochemistry》2004,271(22):4507-4516
Aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic aquatic bacterium and the causal agent of furunculosis in salmon. In the course of this study, it was found that when grown in vitro on tryptic soy agar, A. salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced a capsular polysaccharide with the identical structure to that of the lipopolysaccharide O-chain polysaccharide. A combination of 1D and 2D NMR methods, including a series of 1D analogues of 3D experiments, together with capillary electrophoresis-electrospray MS (CE-ES-MS), compositional and methylation analyses and specific modifications was used to determine the structure of these polysaccharides. Both polymers were shown to be composed of linear trisaccharide repeating units consisting of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galacturonic acid (GalNAcA), 3-[(N-acetyl-L-alanyl)amido]-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose[3-[(N-acetyl-L-alanyl)amido]-3-deoxy-D-quinovose, Qui3NAlaNAc] and 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-quinovose, QuiNAc) and having the following structure: [-->3)-alpha-D-GalpNAcA-(1-->3)-beta-D-QuipNAc-(1-->4)-beta-D-Quip3NAlaNAc-(1-]n, where GalNAcA is partly presented as an amide and AlaNAc represents N-acetyl-L-alanyl group. CE-ES-MS analysis of CPS and O-chain polysaccharide confirmed that 40% of GalNAcA was present in the amide form. Direct CE-ES-MS/MS analysis of in vivo cultured cells confirmed the formation of a novel polysaccharide, a structure also formed in vitro, which was previously undetectable in bacterial cells grown within implants in fish, and in which GalNAcA was fully amidated. 相似文献
68.
69.
The plasma membrane of most cells is drawn tightly over the cytoskeleton of the cell, resulting in a significant tension being developed in the membrane. The tension in the membrane can be calculated from the force required to separate it from the cytoskeleton; and the force itself can be measured rapidly by using laser tweezers. Recent observations indicate that decreasing membrane tension stimulates endocytosis and increasing tension stimulates secretion. Thus, membrane tension provides a simple physical mechanism to control the area of the plasma membrane. Here, we speculate that tension is a global parameter that the cell uses to control physically plasma membrane dynamics, cell shape and cell motility. 相似文献
70.
动物细胞在鼓泡式生物反应器中的死亡速率 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过实验测定,证明生物反应器中细胞死亡速率与气体鼓泡速率成正比而与反应器体积成反比。实验发现气泡大小对细胞死亡速率具有两种作用,一种作用在于影响气泡表面积生成速率;另一种作用则在于影响细胞在气泡表面的吸附程度,其最佳直径为5mm左右。血清和Pluronic F68能显著降低细胞死亡速率,当Pluronic F68浓度达到0.1%时,kd趋于零。所有这些实验结果均与前文提出的生物反应器设计模型具有很好的一致性。 相似文献