拟南芥TAG1基因对脂类合成调控作用的研究进展

三酰甘油（TAG）是真核生物中能量贮存的最主要形式。植物中贮存的三酰甘油是食用油类和工业用油的主要来源。TAG1基因的表达产物甘油二酯酰基转移酶（DGAT）能够调控三酰甘油的合成。as11是TAG1基因突变获得的脂类代谢相关突变体。该文概述了拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）突变体as11的生物学特征及TAG1基因对脂类合成调控的最新进展。     

LCM联合快速免疫组化技术——一种获取肿瘤原位血管内皮细胞的可行途径

目的肿瘤血管内皮细胞对肿瘤发生发展极为重要,是目前肿瘤研究的热点。本研究为从肿瘤组织原位获取高纯度血管内皮细胞进行基因表达研究摸索可行方法。方法获取淋巴瘤组织标本后,置于锌固定液中固定,并通过进行激光捕获显微切割(lasercapture microdissection,LCM)前操作模拟LCM环境,确定锌固定法对RNA完整性的保护作用。将组织标本制作冰冻切片,采用快速免疫组化染色方法标记血管内皮细胞,利用LCM技术获取肿瘤组织原位血管内皮细胞,并用RT-PCR方法对所获细胞进行纯度检测。结果无论是固定后直接提取组织RNA,还是经模拟LCM环境再提取RNA,均显示锌固定法对RNA完整性提供了良好保护。快速免疫组化可以明确标记血管内皮细胞,后者能够被LCM准确捕获,并经RT-PCR验证为高纯度的血管内皮细胞。结论快速免疫组化联合LCM技术可以从肿瘤组织原位获取高纯度血管内皮细胞,并保证RNA的完整性,可能为肿瘤血管内皮细胞基因表达研究奠定基础。     

长白山阔叶红松林乔木树种幼苗组成及其年际动态

为了解阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林乔木树种幼苗的组成及其年际动态, 以长白山阔叶红松林25 ha动态监测样地为平台, 在样地内150个种子收集器周围设置了600个5 m×5 m幼苗样方。基于2006–2008年连续3年的幼苗样方调查数据, 对乔木幼苗的树种组成、数量组成、空间分布特征、年际动态、新增和死亡幼苗组成等进行了分析。结果表明: (1)从树种组成来看, 该群落乔木树种的幼苗组成种类较为丰富, 共记录到21个树种, 这些树种也是样地内胸径1 cm以上乔木树种的主要组成成分。树种组成在年际间变化不大, 但各样方间表现出极大的空间变异。(2)从数量组成来看, 共记录到11,959株乔木幼苗, 以水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)和紫椴(Tilia amurensis)幼苗数最多, 占总幼苗数的72.75%; 水曲柳、紫椴和红松的幼苗数量在年际间有明显波动, 其他树种年际间波动较小。(3)从新增和死亡幼苗的数量与组成来看, 共记录到15个乔木树种的新增幼苗, 其中紫椴、水曲柳、色木槭(Acer mono)、红松等10个树种在每次调查中都有新苗记录, 新苗数量在年际间随物种和样方位置表现出明显差异。(4)对各树种的幼苗、种子和大树的组成和空间分布的比较发现, 各树种的幼苗、种子和大树之间的数量组成和比例差异较大, 其中紫椴、水曲柳、色木槭和假色槭(A. pseudo-sieboldianum)的幼苗、种子在整个样地内都有分布, 春榆(Ulmus japonica)和怀槐(Maackia amurensis)幼苗的空间分布与种子和大树不一致, 糠椴(T. mandshurica)和山丁子(Malus baccata)等的幼苗、种子和大树的个体数相对都较少, 且它们的分布是一致的。     

石头口门水库流域土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响

应用L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment )模型,模拟吉林省石头口门水库流域1986 年至2000 年的非点源污染负荷,定量评价土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响.研究结果表明:1 )1986 ～2000 年期间,研究区土地利用/覆被变化的主要特点为:水田和旱田增加,草地和裸地减少;土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响非常显著;2 )1986年、1995 年、2000 年三个时段内研究区各非点源污染负荷呈现先增加后减少的趋势,泥沙和总氮的变化幅度较大,总磷的变化幅度相对较小;整个研究时段内表现为总磷的变化幅度大于泥沙和总氮;3 )农田、林地、居民地的变化对非点源污染负荷影响明显,属于非点源污染的敏感区,其面积的较小变化均可引起污染负荷的较大变动;4 )林地和草地转化为农田导致各非点源污染物负荷均增加,其中草地转化为农田的区域较小(5 km2 ),但导致总磷污染增加了255.52 kg ;农田变为居民地和林地导致污染负荷减少,林地转化为草地使得泥沙、总磷污染增加,总氮污染减少.     

Molecular cloning, functional analysis and localization of a novel gene encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein in Chorispora bungeana

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant defense proteins. To date, no spatial distribution of PGIPs and interaction between PGIPs and nitric oxide (NO) in plant were described. Here, we first reported the full-length cDNA sequence of PGIP of Chorispora bungeana (CbPGIP1). Notably, immunofluorescence localization showed that the CbPGIP was evenly distributed in leaves but it was mainly localized in epidermis and vascular bundle in stems and roots. Further studies indicated that CbPGIP had higher abundance in roots than in stems and leaves. Conversely, the bulk PGIP of C. bungeana showed a higher activity in leaves than in stems and roots. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that CbPGIP1 expression was induced by Stemphylium solani, salicylic acid (SA), 4, ?4°C and NO. This is a first report attempting to predict if NO can induce the PGIP expression. Taken together, these findings showed that the gene was spatially regulated and NO and SA might take part in CbPGIP1 expression induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. This study highlighted the potential importance of CbPGIP1 and NO in plant resistance.     

Distribution pattern of an expanding Osprey ( Pandion haliaetus) population in a changing environment

We studied the nest site selection and distribution pattern at landscape level of the German Osprey population, and demonstrated how to test the predictions of the ideal free distribution theory and its derivatives on such an expanding population. Information about the location and breeding success of each Osprey nest site between 1995 and 2005 was collected through a long-term monitoring programme. Data of land cover types were acquired from the administrations of each federal state and the CORINE Land Cover database. The results showed that Ospreys preferred landscapes with more water bodies and forests. Such sites were also occupied earlier and had higher local population density. However, in the study period of 11 years, there was a gradual shift from forest-dominated landscapes to agricultural land-dominated landscapes. The breeding success increased over time, with no difference in the breeding success between pairs nesting on trees and poles, whereas there was higher breeding success at nest sites surrounded by more agricultural land and less forest. The more efficient foraging in eutrophic lakes in agricultural landscapes was the most likely cause for the higher breeding success. The distribution pattern of the Ospreys did not match the resource allocation, which deviated from the models tested. We suggested that the proximate cues used for nest site selection mismatched site quality due to anthropogenic environmental changes.     

Synthesis and bioevaluation of ω-N-amino analogs of B13

Novel ω-N-amino analogs of B13 (Class E) were designed, synthesized and tested as inhibitors of acid ceramidase (ACDase) and potential anticancer agents deprived of unwanted lysosomal destabilization and ACDase proteolytic degradation properties of LCL204 [Szulc, Z. M.; Mayroo, N.; Bai, A.; Bielawski, J.; Liu, X.; Norris, J. S.; Hannun, Y. A.; Bielawska, A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, 1015].Representative analog LCL464, (1R,2R)-2-N-(12′-N,N-dimethylaminododecanoyl amino)-1-(4″-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propandiol, inhibited ACDase activity in vitro, with a similar potency as B13 but higher than LCL204. LCL464 caused an early inhibition of this enzyme at a cellular level corresponding to decrease of sphingosine and specific increase of C₁₄- and C₁₆-ceramide. LCL464 did not induce lysosomal destabilization nor degradation of ACDase, showed increased cell death demonstrating inherent anticancer activity in a wide range of different cancer cell lines, and induction of apoptosis via executioner caspases activation. LCL464 represents a novel structural lead as chemotherapeutic agent acting via the inhibition of ACDase.