Photosynthetic Characterization of the Plant Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. in a Rare Earth Elements Mine

In order to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements （REEs） in the natural hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. and to characterize this plant photosynthetically, concentrations of REEs in D. dichotoma from mines mining heavy and light REEs （HREEs and LREEs, respectively）, as well as in D. dichotoma from an area in which no mining occurred, in southern Jiangxi Province were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The REE concentrations in the lamina of D. dichotoma were in the order LREEs mine 〉 HREEs mine 〉 non-mining area. The maximum REE content in the lamina of D. dichotoma from the LREE mine was approximately 2 648 mg/kg dry weight. The photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from areas of HREE and LREE mines was improved by the presence of high concentrations of REEs in the lamina compared with D. dichotoma from the non-mining area. However, this enhancement varied according to the concentrations of the REEs, as well as their type. In addition, 77K fluorescence, electron transport rate, and chlorophyll-protein complex studies showed that the enhancement of the photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from HREE mines was mainly due to an increase in the chlorophyll-protein complex of the reaction center of photosystem （PS） Ⅰ, whereas the enhancement observed in D. dichotoma from LREE mines was due to an increase in the internal antennae chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ and greater light energy distribution to the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ.     

A New Isoflavonoid from Belamcanda chinensis （L.） DC.

A new isoflavonoid, 5, 6, 7, 3＇-terahydroxy-8, 4＇, 5＇-trimethoxyisoflavone （1）, along with 10 known isoflavonoids, namely 5, 6, 7, 4＇-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone （2）, irilone （3）, genistein （4）, tectorigenin （5）, irigenin （6）, irisflorentin （7）, dichotomitin （8）, dimethyltectorigenin （9）, iridin （10）, and tectoridin （11）, was isolated from the alcohol extract of the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis （L.） DC. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of results of spectroscopic analysis.     

化学诱导激活型拟南芥突变体库的构建及分析

利用化学诱导激活XVE（LexA-VP16-ER）系统构建了一个包含40000余个独立转化株系的拟南芥突变体库,并对其中的18000余个株系进行了初步的遗传学和表型分析鉴定。卡那霉素抗性分离比表明,51．6％的株系为单位点插入株系,T-DNA插入的平均拷贝数为每株系1．38个。部分T1代和T2代植株表现出了可见的形态变异,包括下胚轴长度、根长度、植株大小和颜色、叶子颜色和形态、开花时间、种皮颜色及结实情况等对数个代表性突变株系表型及T—DNA插入位点侧翼序列进行了分析,结果表明突变体的表型是由于T—DNA的插入造成的,而且这些突变体中包括前人发现的AP2和AGAMOUS的等位基因。由于T-DNA标记或相邻的基因可被XVE系统诱导性的激活,或被T-DNA破坏导致功能缺失,该突变体库可以用于大规模筛选鉴定功能缺失性和功能获得性突变体。     

Geographic morphological variation in parapatric Western Palearctic tree frogs,Hyla arborea and Hyla savignyi: are related species similarly affected by climatic conditions?

Tree frogs Hyla arborea and Hyla savignyi are similar, closely‐related species distributed in Europe and the Middle East. We investigated geographic variation in body shape within and between these species, and tested its relationships to macroclimatic conditions. We used morphometric distances (based on size corrected external measurements) to construct phenetic trees (unweighted pair‐group method of arithmetical averages, Neighbour‐joining), and to test correlations between morphology, geography, and climate by the partial Mantel test. Regardless of their specific affiliation, the parapatric populations of both species from the eastern Mediterranean, where they occupy comparable habitats, are closer to each other in morphospace than to conspecific populations from distal regions. This local interspecific similarity is probably driven by the common response to environment, expressed here as macroclimatic conditions. In support, the geographically close but ecologically vicariant populations of both species from the Caucasus region differ quite substantially in body shape. We suggest that climate‐provoked phenotypic variation in closely‐related parapatric species should be taken into account as a potential complication to character displacement in morphology. Contrariwise, morphological diversification between related species or their populations could be enhanced by habitat shifts resulting in occupation of different environmental space. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95 , 539–556.     

不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯对悬浮培养的胀果甘草细胞合成甘草总黄酮的影响

研究了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯对胀果甘草悬浮培养细胞的生长和黄酮合成的影响,初步探讨了其影响甘草黄酮合成的机制.研究结果表明,一定浓度(10-200lanol/L)的茉莉酸甲酯对胀果甘草细胞的生长有抑制作用,但是能够促进甘草总黄酮产量的增加.此外,茉莉酸甲酯的添加导致细胞中过氧化氢含量升高,引起细胞中苯丙氨酸裂解酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性的增强和丙二醛含量升高,说明茉莉酸甲酯能够引起细胞产生防御反应,并提高防御反应的关键酶的活性,同时细胞膜在一定程度上仍发生过氧化,但最终促进了甘草总黄酮的合成,其最大产量达到对照的3.39倍.     

透明颤菌血红蛋白在产聚γ-谷氨酸地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02中的表达

聚γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种应用前景良好的生物高分子材料.通过构建含有α-淀粉酶(amyE)基因两端交换臂的整合载体pDG1730-vgb,将透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)整合到聚γ-谷氨酸生产菌株地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)WX-02染色体中,获得重组子M2.一氧化碳差光光谱结果验证M2中表达了有活性的血红蛋白,3 L发酵罐分批发酵结果显示M2的生物量比出发菌株WX-02提高了25.5%,γ-PGA产量提高了20%.     

聚γ-谷氨酸高产菌的选育与培养基优化

利用合成培养基为筛选培养基,以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B6-1为出发菌株,经过三轮紫外线诱变和一轮硫酸二乙酯诱变得到了聚γ-谷氨酸高产突变株枯草芽孢杆菌W003,摇瓶液体发酵的聚γ-谷氨酸产量由出发菌株的10.9 g/L提高到20.5 g/L.单因素实验结果表明,该菌产聚γ-谷氨酸的合适碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硫酸铵.通过正交实验得到了优化的培养基配方,经36h液体发酵,聚γ-谷氨酸产量可达到45.3 g/L.     

基于3S的京津风沙源治理工程区植被覆盖和气候要素变化分析

为分析评估京津风沙源治理工程区植被覆盖和气候要素变化,收集工程实施前、后各时期工程区域土地利用类型数据、MODIS产品植被覆盖(NDVI)数据和气象站点月值数据,利用最小二乘法拟合分析工程区NDVI和蒸散时空变化规律;利用MK非参数检验分析区域气候要素时空变化格局.结果表明(1)近25年来工程区土地利用类型变化不大,植...     

1980—2005年松嫩平原土壤湿度对气候变化的响应

基于松嫩平原16个农业气象站1980—2005年作物生长季的旬土壤湿度、月气温和月降水量观测资料,采用统计分析方法,分析了研究区表层（0～30 cm）土壤湿度的时空变化特征及其对气温、降水量等气候变化的响应.结果表明：1980—2005年间,松嫩平原不同区域作物生长季表层土壤湿度均呈减小趋势,松嫩平原表层土壤存在干旱化趋向,其中,西部和南部地区尤为明显;20世纪90年代以前,研究区表层土壤处于比较湿润阶段,之后土壤湿度持续降低,并发生了偏干现象;研究期间,松嫩平原作物生长季平均气温呈周期性波动上升,每6 a一个周期,期间小幅波动,1992年开始明显上升;生长季降水量的年际变幅较大,存在一个4～5 a的波动周期;研究区作物生长季表层土壤湿度与气温呈极显著负相关关系,与降水量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）.气温和降水量是影响松嫩平原作物生长季表层土壤湿度变化的主要气候因素.     

大孔树脂分离纯化有柄石韦总黄酮的工艺优化

以总黄酮解吸率和滤液中总黄酮含量为指标,通过正交实验设计优选大孔树脂分离纯化有柄石韦总黄酮的最佳工艺。结果表明,D-101型大孔树脂分离纯化总黄酮的优选工艺条件为：上样液质量浓度0.5 mg·mL^-1,pH为6,洗脱剂乙醇浓度为50%,洗脱速率2 mL·min^-1。该优化方法稳定可行,结果可靠,提取的滤液中总黄酮含量达76.40%。