Life Course Perspectives on Women's Autonomy and Health Outcomes

Gender inequality leads to negative demographic consequences in many societies. Patterns of household formation and inheritance strongly influence these consequences. Peasant societies of preindustrial northern Europe emphasized the conjugal bond, while intergenerational bonds were weak. The reverse is true in contemporary northern India. As a result, greater potential exists there for marginalizing women. The convergence of low autonomy due to youth as well as gender means that women's autonomy is at its lowest point during the peak of childbearing years. This has considerable implications for demographic and health outcomes in terms of poorer child survival, slower fertility decline, and poorer reproductive health.     

印度查谟地区甜橙上柑桔潜叶蛾为害动态及其与重要气候因子的关系(英文)

本研究旨在揭示印度查谟柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton为害甜橙Citrus sinensis的季节性变化,以及降雨量、相对湿度和温度等重要的气候因子对其种群的影响。本文对不同季节印度查谟的一个甜橙园里的柑桔潜叶蛾丰度进行了调查, 从2005年3月到2008年2月每两周调查一次。柑桔潜叶蛾在一年内有3个为害高峰,分别是4月中旬、7月中旬和9月中旬,这与甜橙新营养梢的生长期相吻合。相关分析表明,上午和下午的相对湿度和平均相对湿度与柑桔潜叶蛾的数量呈负相关;然而,平均降雨量、最高气温、最低气温和平均气温与柑桔潜叶蛾的数量呈正相关。降雨量和温度与柑桔潜叶蛾为害程度呈显著正相关。总之,柑桔潜叶蛾的数量不能简单地通过观察某一特殊地区的相对湿度来预测,而降雨量和温度在影响虫害方面均起着重要的作用。     

Growth and flowering of Lemna paucicostata II. Role of growth regulators

Lemna paucicostata HEGELM., a short-day plant, can be inducedto flower under long days by provision of cytokinins in themedium. Of several cytokinins tested, zeatin and 6-benzylaminopurineare the most potent. They are effective when added in a mediumcontaining excess of iron and thus can bring about the sameaffect as EDDHA. Interestingly, when both EDDHA and a cytokininare provided together, flowering occurs even in the medium containingnormal level of iron. Other cytokinins such as SD 8339, kinetinand 6-(,-dimethylallylamino)-purine are also effective in mediumcontaining a slightly higher level of ferric citrate. In contrastto cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid arenot only ineffective by themselves, but even nullify the inductiveeffect of cytokinins on flowering. Growth retardants such asCCC and abscisic acid have been found to inhibit flowering athigh levels. (Received September 8, 1969; )     

Diagnosis of Metastatic Pleomorphic Giant Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas Using Fine Catheter Aspiration Cytology

The value of fine catheter aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of metastatic tumours is illustrated by a case of pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas which had metastasized to the peritoneal cavity. The finding of unequivocal malignant cells obviated the need for further diagnostic procedures. Electron microscopy and immunostaining further substantiated the light microscopic cytodiagnosis and identified the tumour type and source of the primary tumour. Furthermore, subsequent cell block preparation from the aspirated material demonstrated the histological features of this tumour.     

Pollen-pistil Interaction in a Non-pseudogamous Apomict,Commiphora wightii

Structural and cytochemical details of the pistil and the interactionof pollen and pistil were studied in a non-pseudogamous apomict,Commiphorawightii.The anthers in the male and bisexual flowers producefunctional pollen grains. The stigma is of the wet and papillatetype. The style is typically solid with two strands of transmittingtissue that traverse the entire length of the style. There isa marked reduction in the area occupied by the transmittingtissue from the stigma to the base of the style. The cells ofthe transmitting tissue are isodiametric in transverse as wellas longitudinal section and do not form longitudinal files ofelongated cells as reported for other taxa. Proteins could notbe localized in the intercellular matrix. Although pollen grainsgerminate on the stigma, pollen tubes do not grow beyond theproximal one third of the style. Changed orientation of thecells of the transmitting tissue and absence of proteins inthe intercellular matrix could account for the failure of thepistil to support pollen growth.Copyright 1998 Annals of BotanyCompany Guggul, pollen-pistil interaction, non-pseudogamous apomict,Commiphora wightii, transmitting tissue     

OESTRADIOL REGULATED PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN RAT VAGINA: TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION OR APOPTOSIS?

Rat vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) undergo division and differentiation under the influence of oestradiol in a programmed manner. The differentiation process of VEC leads to keratinization, cornification and subsequent desquamation of the dead cells. This process of programmed cell death, referred to as terminal differentiation may share some common pathways with cell death by apoptosis but differ substantially in many aspects. Terminal differentiation of VEC is accompanied by the loss of majority of the organelles including the nucleus. To understand the mechanisms that underlie this process we have analysed the regulation of DNase I (a key effector of apoptotic cell death) in rat VEC under the influence of oestradiol. The present study demonstrates that under physiological conditions, cell death in the VEC is mainly through terminal differentiation although a few cells may undergo apoptotic death involving DNA fragmentation. Unaltered levels of bcl-2 message upon oestradiol administration suggest an important role played by this molecule in preventing death of the VEC by apoptosis.