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991.
Rizwana Kousar Muhammad Jawad Hassan Bushra Khan Sulman Basit Saqib Mahmood Asif Mir Wasim Ahmad Muhammad Ansar 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):119
Background
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly is a disorder of neurogenic mitosis that causes reduction in brain size. It is a rare heterogeneous condition with seven causative genes reported to date. Mutations in WD repeat protein 62 are associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly with cortical malformations. This study was initiated to screen WDR62 mutations in four consanguineous Pakistani families with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. 相似文献992.
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Crystal Structure of a ��Nonfoldable�� Insulin: IMPAIRED FOLDING EFFICIENCY DESPITE NATIVE ACTIVITY*
Ming Liu Zhu-li Wan Ying-Chi Chu Hassan Aladdin Birgit Klaproth Meredith Choquette Qing-xin Hua Robert B. Mackin J. Sunil Rao Pierre De Meyts Panayotis G. Katsoyannis Peter Arvan Michael A. Weiss 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(50):35259-35272
Protein evolution is constrained by folding efficiency (“foldability”) and the implicit threat of toxic misfolding. A model is provided by proinsulin, whose misfolding is associated with β-cell dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. An insulin analogue containing a subtle core substitution (LeuA16 → Val) is biologically active, and its crystal structure recapitulates that of the wild-type protein. As a seeming paradox, however, ValA16 blocks both insulin chain combination and the in vitro refolding of proinsulin. Disulfide pairing in mammalian cell culture is likewise inefficient, leading to misfolding, endoplasmic reticular stress, and proteosome-mediated degradation. ValA16 destabilizes the native state and so presumably perturbs a partial fold that directs initial disulfide pairing. Substitutions elsewhere in the core similarly destabilize the native state but, unlike ValA16, preserve folding efficiency. We propose that LeuA16 stabilizes nonlocal interactions between nascent α-helices in the A- and B-domains to facilitate initial pairing of CysA20 and CysB19, thus surmounting their wide separation in sequence. Although ValA16 is likely to destabilize this proto-core, its structural effects are mitigated once folding is achieved. Classical studies of insulin chain combination in vitro have illuminated the impact of off-pathway reactions on the efficiency of native disulfide pairing. The capability of a polypeptide sequence to fold within the endoplasmic reticulum may likewise be influenced by kinetic or thermodynamic partitioning among on- and off-pathway disulfide intermediates. The properties of [ValA16]insulin and [ValA16]proinsulin demonstrate that essential contributions of conserved residues to folding may be inapparent once the native state is achieved. 相似文献
996.
Faez Iqbal Khan Krishna Bisetty Ke-Ren Gu Suren Singh Kugen Permaul Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan 《Molecular simulation》2017,43(7):480-490
AbstractThe fungal chitinase I obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP, a thermophilic deuteromycete, has an optimum growth temperature and pH of 323.15 K and 6.5, respectively. This enzyme plays an important task in the defence mechanism of organisms against chitin-containing parasites by hydrolysing β-1, 4-linkages in chitin. It acts as both anti-fungal and biofouling agents, with some being thermostable and suitable for the industrial applications. Three-dimensional model of chitinase I enzyme was predicted and analysed using various bioinformatics tools. The structure of chitinase I exhibited a well-defined TIM barrel topology with an eight-stranded α/β domain. Structural analysis and folding studies at temperatures ranging from 300 to 375 K using 10 ns molecular dynamics simulations clearly showed the stability of the protein was evenly distributed even at higher temperatures, in accordance with the experimental results. We also carried out a number of 20 ns constant pH molecular dynamics simulations of chitinase I at a pH range 2–6 in a solvent. This work was aimed at establishing the optimum activity and stability profiles of chitinase I. We observed a strong conformational pH dependence of chitinase I and the enzyme retained their characteristic TIM barrel topology at low pH. 相似文献
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Folate being an important vitamin of B Complex group in our diet plays an important role not only in the synthesis of DNA but also in the maintenance of methylation reactions in the cells. Folate metabolism is influenced by several processes especially its dietary intake and the polymorphisms of the associated genes involved. Aberrant folate metabolism, therefore, affects both methylation as well as the DNA synthesis processes, both of which have been implicated in the development of various diseases. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the processes involved in folate metabolism and consequences of deviant folate metabolism, particular emphasis is given to the polymorphic genes which have been implicated in the development of various diseases in humans, like vascular diseases, Down's syndrome, neural tube defects, psychiatric disorders and cancers. 相似文献
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Islam M. Saadeldin Su Jin Kim Byeong Chun Lee 《Development, growth & differentiation》2015,57(5):362-368
Zona pellucida free (ZPF) oocytes were cultured after electrical activation to allow blastomeres aggregation and compared to ZP intact (ZPI) oocytes. In feeder‐dependent conditions, the trophoblast attachment and primary outgrowths were significantly higher in ZPF than in ZPI groups. In feeder‐free conditions, trophoblast attachment and typical morphological trophoblast primary outgrowths were observed in ZPF group. The primary colonies derived from the ZPF embryos in both culture conditions were able to establish secondary and tertiary colonies and showed mRNA expression of CDX2, TEAD4 and KRT8 as trophoblast markers, while outgrowths from the ZPI embryos could not grow beyond primary colonies. 相似文献