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81.
Dynamics of the reproduction in the trematode Echinostoma caproni parthenites (Echinostomatidae) was observed. Early laying and maturation of the generative cells are for the first time shown to be characteristic for all parthenogenetic generations. Really the process of reproduction had been finishing to the beginning of the generating of new age by parthenites. Mother sporocysts, as well as redia of different generations, in fact stop producing new generative cells with the beginning of the generating of new age, and assume the function of a brood pouch. This feature was considered previously as peculiar mainly to mother sporocysts. Data on the autotomy of the anterior body end in mother sporocysts are verified. In our opinion, these data are an evidence of an early manifestation of the evolutionary trend to the morpho-functional regress and disintegration of the parasitic stage of mother sporocyst. 相似文献
82.
Mitochondria of the yeast Endomyces magnusii were examined for the presence of a Ca2+- and phosphate-induced permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane (pore). For this purpose, coupled mitochondria were incubated under conditions known to induce the permeability transition pore in animal mitochondria, i.e., in the presence of high concentrations of Ca2+ and P(i), prooxidants (t-butylhydroperoxide), oxaloacetate, atractyloside (an inhibitor of ADP/ATP translocator), SH-reagents, by depletion of adenine nucleotide pools, and deenergization of the mitochondria. Large amplitude swelling, collapse of the membrane potential, and efflux of the accumulated Ca2+ were used as parameters for demonstrating pore induction. E. magnusii mitochondria were highly resistant to the above-mentioned substances. Deenergization of mitochondria or depletion of adenine nucleotide pools have no effect on low-amplitude swelling or the other parameters. Cyclosporin A, a specific inhibitor of the nonspecific permeability transition in animal mitochondria, did not affect the parameters measured. It is thus evident that E. magnusii mitochondria lack a functional Ca2+-dependent pore, or possess a pore differently regulated as compared to that of mammalian mitochondria. 相似文献
83.
Abstract The biochemical pathway and genetics of autotrophic ammonia oxidation have been studied almost exclusively in Nitrosomonas europaea. Terrestrial autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOs), however, comprise two distinct phylogenetic groups in the beta-Proteobacteria, the Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups. Hybridization patterns were used to assess the potential of functional probes in non-PCR-based molecular analysis of natural AAO populations and their activity. The objective of this study was to obtain an overview of functional gene homologies by hybridizing probes derived from N. europaea gene sequences ranging in size from 0.45 to 4.5 kb, and labeled with 32P to Southern blots containing genomic DNA from four Nitrosospira representatives. Probes were specific for genes encoding ammonia monooxygenase (amoA and amoB), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao), and cytochrome c-554 (hcy). These probes produced hybridization signals, at low stringency (30 degreesC), with DNA from each of the four representatives; signals at higher stringency (42 degreesC) were greatly reduced or absent. The hybridization signals at low stringency ranged from 20 to 76% of the total signal obtained with N. europaea DNA. These results indicate that all four functional genes in the ammonia oxidation pathway have diverged between the Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups. The hao probe produced the most consistent hybridization intensities among the Nitrosospira representatives, suggesting that hao sequences would provide the best probes for non-PCR-based molecular analysis of terrestrial AAOs. Since N. europaea can also denitrify, an additional objective was to hybridize genomic DNA from AAOs with probes for Pseudomonas genes involved in denitrification. These probes were specific for genes encoding heme-type dissimilatory nitrite reductase (dNir), Cu-type dNir, and nitrous oxide reductase (nosz). No hybridization signals were observed from probes for the heme-type dNir or nosz, but Nitrosospira sp. NpAV and Nitrosolobus sp. 24-C hybridized, under low-stringency conditions, with the Cu-type dNir probe. These results indicate that AAOs may also differ in their mechanisms and capacities for denitrification. 相似文献
84.
Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Roy MS; Geffen E; Smith D; Ostrander EA; Wayne RK 《Molecular biology and evolution》1994,11(4):553-570
Genetic divergence and gene flow among closely related populations are
difficult to measure because mutation rates of most nuclear loci are so low
that new mutations have not had sufficient time to appear and become fixed.
Microsatellite loci are repeat arrays of simple sequences that have high
mutation rates and are abundant in the eukaryotic genome. Large population
samples can be screened for variation by using the polymerase chain
reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate alleles. We
analyzed 10 microsatellite loci to quantify genetic differentiation and
hybridization in three species of North American wolflike canids. We
expected to find a pattern of genetic differentiation by distance to exist
among wolflike canid populations, because of the finite dispersal distances
of individuals. Moreover, we predicted that, because wolflike canids are
highly mobile, hybrid zones may be more extensive and show substantial
changes in allele frequency, relative to nonhybridizing populations. We
demonstrate that wolves and coyotes do not show a pattern of genetic
differentiation by distance. Genetic subdivision in coyotes, as measured by
theta and Gst, is not significantly different from zero, reflecting
persistent gene flow among newly established populations. However, gray
wolves show significant subdivision that may be either due to drift in past
Ice Age refugia populations or a result of other causes. Finally, in areas
where gray wolves and coyotes hybridize, allele frequencies of gray wolves
are affected, but those of coyotes are not. Past hybridization between the
two species in the south-central United States may account for the origin
of the red wolf.
相似文献
85.
86.
Yevgeniya I. Shurubor Arthur J.L. Cooper Elena P. Isakova Yulia I. Deryabina M. Flint Beal Boris F. Krasnikov 《Analytical biochemistry》2016
Here we describe a simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the simultaneous detection and quantitation in standard solutions of 13 important metabolites of cellular energy metabolism, including 9 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle components and 4 additional metabolites. The metabolites are detected by their absorbance at 210 nm. The procedure does not require prior derivatization, and an analysis can be carried out at ambient temperature within 15 min. The significance of the current work is that the current HPLC procedure should motivate the development of simplified TCA cycle enzyme assays, isotopomer analysis, and determination of selected TCA metabolite levels in plasma/tissues. 相似文献
87.
D. M. Gershkovich E. F. Isakova O. F. Filenko T. A. Samoilova 《Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin》2013,68(3):115-118
The influence of low concentrations of 10-(2′, 3′-dimethylhynonil-6′)-deciltriphenylphosphonium bromide on the laboratory culture of the crustaceans Ceriodaphnia affinis has been investigated. The increase of average and maximum lifespan, as well as stimulation of heredity, has been found out. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon have been analyzed. 相似文献
88.
The use of 1H-NMR-spectroscopy for the study of peptide degradation by angiotensin-converting enzyme
I Iu Sakharov O L Isakova N F Sepetov Zh D Bespalova E K Ruuge 《Biokhimii?a (Moscow, Russia)》1987,52(2):311-316
A new method for continuous registration of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptides involving 1H-NMR spectroscopy was developed. The advantages of the method were demonstrated, using dalargin (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg) hydrolysis catalyzed by human kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme as an example. It was shown that the maximal activity of the enzyme towards dalargin is observed at pH 7.8; Km is 0.35 mM. The enzyme is inhibited by the substrate (Kd = 0.55 mM). Cl- do not influence the catalytic activity of the enzyme with respect to dalargin. The stereospecificity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme towards dalargin diasteriomers was studied. 相似文献
89.
N. N. Gessler E. G. Serdyuk E. P. Isakova Y. I. Deryabina 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2018,54(4):352-360
Phytases from plants and microorganisms release phospates from poorly soluble phytates, making the phospates more accessible. In this review, some features and biochemical properties of phytases, as well as the areas and prospects for their use, are under discussion. The introduction of phytases into the fodder for food-producing animals increases the product yield without any additional expenses for mineral phosphates. The presense of phytases in the soils reduces the risk of water eutrophication. 相似文献
90.
N N Ivanov S V Rykov O L Isakova E K Ruuge V P Torchilin 《Analytical biochemistry》1985,147(2):280-284
A fast and simple method of 1H-NMR spectroscopic control of liposome membrane integrity is suggested. The method is based on the redistribution of intensities between two singlet 1H-NMR signals--from intraliposomal marker compound (nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt, 1H-NMR signal at 4 p.p.m.) and from its complex with Eu3+ added to the external medium (NMR signal of the complex at - 1 p.p.m.). The method permits registration of the kinetics of liposome destruction under the action of detergent or serum. It is shown that the presence of cholesterol in the membrane makes it more stable. 相似文献