全文获取类型
收费全文 | 228篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有240条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
22.
Aslı Ozdilek Burcu Cengel Gaye Kandemir Yasemin Tayanc Ercan Velioglu Zeki Kaya 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(2):337-349
The genetic diversity and evolutionary divergence in Liquidambar species and Liquidambar orientalis varieties were compared with respect to the matK gene. A total of 66 genotypes from 18 different populations were sampled in southwestern Turkey. The matK region, which is about 1,512 bp in length, was sequenced and studied. L. orientalis, L. styraciflua, and L. formosana had similar magnitude of nucleotide diversity, while L. styraciflua and L. acalycina possessed higher evolutionary divergence. The highest evolutionary divergence was found between L. styraciflua and eastern Asian Liquidambar species (0.0102). However, the evolutionary divergence between L. orientalis and other species was of a similar magnitude. The maximum-parsimony phylogenetic tree showed that L. styraciflua and L. orientalis formed a closer clade while East Asian species were in a separate clade. This suggests that the North Atlantic Land Bridge
through southern Greenland may have facilitated continuous distribution of Liquidambar species from southeastern Europe to eastern North America in early Tertiary period. The maximum-parsimony tree with only
18 Oriental sweetgum populations indicated that there were two main clusters: one with mainly L. orientalis var. integriloba and the other with var. orientalis and undetermined populations. High nucleotide diversity (0.0028) and divergence (0.00072) were found in L. orientalis var. integriloba populations and Muğla-1 geographical region. This region could be considered as the major refugium and genetic diversity
center for the species. The low genetic diversity and divergence at intraspecies level suggest that L. orientalis populations in Turkey share an ancestral polymorphism from which two varieties may have evolved. 相似文献
23.
Zeycan Helvaci Sabrina Renaud Ronan Ledevin Dominique Adriaens Johan Michaux Reyhan Çolak Teoman Kankiliç İrfan Kandemir Nuri Yiğit Ercüment Çolak 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,107(3):611-623
Past climatic fluctuations influenced forest habitats and impacted heavily the distribution of forest species, such as the edible dormouse, by changing the distribution and composition of forests themselves. Such effects may be valid for ongoing climate change as well. To improve our understanding of the edible dormouse's history and how it responded to changes in its environment, we investigated its variation across the understudied zone of Northern Turkey using two complementary markers of differentiation: the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for genetics, and size and shape of the first upper molar for phenotypic differences. Genetic and morphometric results were strongly discrepant. Genetic analyses evidenced an amazing homogeneity throughout the Eurasian range of the edible dormouse, whereas morphometrics pointed to a complex, step‐wise differentiation along the Black Sea coast, the main signal being an opposition between Easternmost and Westernmost Turkish dormice. The genetic homogeneity suggests that this phenotypic differentiation is not the inheritance of glacial refuges, but the consequence of a more recent post‐glacial isolation. The transition between the European and Asian groups is located eastwards from the Marmara straits, undermining its claimed role as an efficient barrier but stressing the importance of climatic and vegetational factors. A secondary differentiation between populations from the Central Black Sea coast and Easternmost regions was evidenced, attributed to a complex interplay of climatic, topographic, anthropogenic, and ecological factors. Turkey, at the crossroad of European and Asian species, heavily impacted by the current global change including climatic and anthropogenic factors, appears of importance for understanding the historical dynamics of differentiation and exchanges between populations that shaped the current distribution of Eurasian species and their future survival. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 107 , 611–623. 相似文献
24.
The plasma was produced by focusing Nd:YAG laser pulses of 1064 nm wavelength on to a copper target at laser fluences of 5.35, 6.95, and 9.33 J/cm2. An ion collector placed along the target surface normal was used to record the time-of-flight (TOF) ion signal during plasma expansion in vacuum. The TOF ion pulses were deconvoluted using the Coulomb-Boltzmann-shifted function to estimate the available Cu ion charge states, equivalent plasma ion temperature, and accelerating potential in the nonequilibrium plasma. The maximum available ion charge state, equivalent plasma ion temperature, and accelerating potential are found to increase with laser fluence. In the local thermal equilibrium conditions, the accelerating potential can be supposed to apply across a distance of the order of the Debye length. The Debye length and, hence, the electric field in the laser produced plasma at three laser fluences values were estimated. The electric field was in the range of 1 MV/cm and increased with laser fluence. In the laser fluence range used in this work, the sum of thermal and adiabatic energy of the ion was slightly higher than its Coulomb energy. 相似文献
25.
Ilyas S Chi R Bhatti HN Bhatti IA Ghauri MA 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2012,35(3):433-440
Present work describes the bioleaching potential of metals from low-grade mining ore containing smithsonite, sphaerocobaltite,
azurite and talc as main gangue minerals with adapted consortium of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans strain-RDB and Thermoplasma acidophilum. Bioleaching potential improved markedly by added energy source, acid preleaching and adaptation of microbial consortium
with mixed metal ions. During whole leaching period including acid preleaching stage of 960 h and bioleaching stage of 212 days
about 76% Co, 70% Zn, 84% Cu, 72% Ni and 63% Fe leached out. 相似文献
26.
Coevolution between hosts and pathogens is thought to occur between interacting molecules of both species. This results in the maintenance of genetic diversity at pathogen antigens (or so-called effectors) and host resistance genes such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in mammals or resistance (R) genes in plants. In plant-pathogen interactions, the current paradigm posits that a specific defense response is activated upon recognition of pathogen effectors via interaction with their corresponding R proteins. According to the "Guard-Hypothesis," R proteins (the "guards") can sense modification of target molecules in the host (the "guardees") by pathogen effectors and subsequently trigger the defense response. Multiple studies have reported high genetic diversity at R genes maintained by balancing selection. In contrast, little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the guardee, which may be subject to contrasting evolutionary forces. Here we show that the evolution of the guardee RCR3 is characterized by gene duplication, frequent gene conversion, and balancing selection in the wild tomato species Solanum peruvianum. Investigating the functional characteristics of 54 natural variants through in vitro and in planta assays, we detected differences in recognition of the pathogen effector through interaction with the guardee, as well as substantial variation in the strength of the defense response. This variation is maintained by balancing selection at each copy of the RCR3 gene. Our analyses pinpoint three amino acid polymorphisms with key functional consequences for the coevolution between the guardee (RCR3) and its guard (Cf-2). We conclude that, in addition to coevolution at the "guardee-effector" interface for pathogen recognition, natural selection acts on the "guard-guardee" interface. Guardee evolution may be governed by a counterbalance between improved activation in the presence and prevention of auto-immune responses in the absence of the corresponding pathogen. 相似文献
27.
28.
Antibodies to glycolipids in demyelinating diseases of the human peripheral nervous system 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Antibodies to complex glycolipids occur in patients with a variety of diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Many patients with demyelinating neuropathy occurring in association with IgM paraproteinemia have a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a carbohydrate determinant shared between sulfate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG), the myelin-associated glycoprotein and other glycoproteins of peripheral nerve. Other patients with neuropathy in association with IgM paraproteinemia have monoclonal antibodies reacting with carbohydrate determinants on various gangliosides. More than 80% of the IgM monoclonal antibodies from patients of this type that have been screened in our laboratory react with SGPG or ganglioside antigens. High levels of antibodies reacting with ganglioside antigens are also found in some patients with inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuropathy. The pathogenetic significance of these antibodies reacting with acidic sphingoglycolipids remains to be established. 相似文献
29.
Samantha L. Rosenthal M. Michael Barmada Xingbin Wang F. Yesim Demirci M. Ilyas Kamboh 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Late-onset Alzheimer''s disease (LOAD) is a multifactorial disorder with over twenty loci associated with disease risk. Given the number of genome-wide significant variants that fall outside of coding regions, it is possible that some of these variants alter some function of gene expression rather than tagging coding variants that alter protein structure and/or function. RegulomeDB is a database that annotates regulatory functions of genetic variants. In this study, we utilized RegulomeDB to investigate potential regulatory functions of lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of risk and age-at onset (AAO) of LOAD, as well as SNPs in LD (r2≥0.80) with the lead GWAS SNPs. Of a total 614 SNPs examined, 394 returned RegulomeDB scores of 1–6. Of those 394 variants, 34 showed strong evidence of regulatory function (RegulomeDB score <3), and only 3 of them were genome-wide significant SNPs (ZCWPW1/rs1476679, CLU/rs1532278 and ABCA7/rs3764650). This study further supports the assumption that some of the non-coding GWAS SNPs are true associations rather than tagged associations and demonstrates the application of RegulomeDB to GWAS data. 相似文献
30.
Germain Montazeaud Cyrille Violle Hélène Fréville Delphine Luquet Nourollah Ahmadi Brigitte Courtois Ilyas Bouhaba Florian Fort 《Plant and Soil》2018,429(1-2):187-198