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11.
Y Deng J Zhao D Sakurai KM Kaufman JC Edberg RP Kimberly DL Kamen GS Gilkeson CO Jacob RH Scofield CD Langefeld JA Kelly ME Alarcón-Riquelme BIOLUPUS GENLES Networks JB Harley TJ Vyse BI Freedman PM Gaffney KM Sivils JA James TB Niewold RM Cantor W Chen BH Hahn EE Brown PROFILE BP Tsao 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(Z3):A5
12.
Brown JC Huedo-Medina TB Pescatello LS Ryan SM Pescatello SM Moker E LaCroix JM Ferrer RA Johnson BT 《PloS one》2012,7(1):e30955
Introduction
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of exercise to reduce depressive symptoms among cancer survivors. In addition, we examined the extent to which exercise dose and clinical characteristics of cancer survivors influence the relationship between exercise and reductions in depressive symptoms.Methods
We conducted a systematic search identifying randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions among adult cancer survivors, examining depressive symptoms as an outcome. We calculated effect sizes for each study and performed weighted multiple regression moderator analysis.Results
We identified 40 exercise interventions including 2,929 cancer survivors. Diverse groups of cancer survivors were examined in seven exercise interventions; breast cancer survivors were examined in 26; prostate cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma were examined in two; and colorectal cancer in one. Cancer survivors who completed an exercise intervention reduced depression more than controls, d + = −0.13 (95% CI: −0.26, −0.01). Increases in weekly volume of aerobic exercise reduced depressive symptoms in dose-response fashion (β = −0.24, p = 0.03), a pattern evident only in higher quality trials. Exercise reduced depressive symptoms most when exercise sessions were supervised (β = −0.26, p = 0.01) and when cancer survivors were between 47–62 yr (β = 0.27, p = 0.01).Conclusion
Exercise training provides a small overall reduction in depressive symptoms among cancer survivors but one that increased in dose-response fashion with weekly volume of aerobic exercise in high quality trials. Depressive symptoms were reduced to the greatest degree among breast cancer survivors, among cancer survivors aged between 47–62 yr, or when exercise sessions were supervised. 相似文献13.
在中国应用垂直波束雷达监测褐飞虱和其他水稻害虫迁飞的可行性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.R.Riley A.D.Smith D.R.Reynolds 《Entomologia Sinica》2003,10(1):1-19
近年来,可用于昆虫迁飞研究且可自动运行的垂直波束雷达(vertical-looking radar,VLR)的发展使得对迁飞性害虫的周年长期自动监测成为可能。本文提供了我们对能否将这种雷达应用于中国的褐飞虱和其他水稻害虫的监测与预测体系以改善其综合治理的可行性研究结果。以往的研究已经表明,这些害虫一般在300—2000m高度迁飞;而我们根据褐飞虱的雷达和射有效截面的计算结果表明,目前使用的3.2cm波长的VLR对褐飞虱个体目标的最大可检测高度仅约240m;虽然建造一部8.8mm波长的VLR即可覆盖褐飞虱迁飞高度的绝大部分,但其造价和维护费用均过于昂贵。为此,一个更可行的解决方案是,以3.2cm波长的VLR作为包括大多数水稻害虫在内的个体较大的迁飞性害虫的监测工具。 相似文献
14.
15.
Nineteen strains of Drosophila virilis from diverse geographic locations
were examined by genetic and molecular analyses, revealing (a) 12 strains
with a single copy of the urate oxidase (UO) gene per haploid genome and
(b) 7 strains with a tandem duplication of the UO locus. The D. virilis
strains with the UO duplication appear to have identical restriction maps
of this region, implying either a single origin for the duplication or
several similar events occurring at a hot spot. On the basis of the
location of the duplication breakpoints and the restriction sites flanking
these breakpoints, this duplication probably arose through nonhomologous
recombination involving either a breakage and rejoining event or
replication slippage. because documented cases of intraspecific gene
duplication polymorphism are rare, the D. virilis UO duplication will be
useful in identifying the molecular event giving rise to a gene
duplication.
相似文献
16.
JC de Mauroy HR Weiss AG Aulisa L Aulisa JI Brox J Durmala C Fusco TB Grivas J Hermus T Kotwicki G Le Blay A Lebel L Marcotte S Negrini L Neuhaus T Neuhaus P Pizzetti L Revzina B Torres PJM Van Loon E Vasiliadis M Villagrasa M Werkman M Wernicka MS Wong F Zaina 《Scoliosis》2010,5(1):1-15
Abstract
Thoracic hyperkyphosis is a frequent problem and can impact greatly on patient's quality of life during adolescence. This condition can be idiopathic or secondary to Scheuermann disease, a disease disturbing vertebral growth. To date, there is no sound scientific data available on the management of this condition. Some studies discuss the effects of bracing, however no guidelines, protocols or indication's of treatment for this condition were found. The aim of this paper was to develop and verify the consensus on managing thoracic hyperkyphosis patients treated with braces and/or physiotherapy.Methods
The Delphi process was utilised in four steps gradually modified according to the results of a set of recommendations: we involved the SOSORT Board twice, then all SOSORT members twice, with a Pre-Meeting Questionnaire (PMQ), and during a Consensus Session at the SOSORT Lyon Meeting with a Meeting Questionnaire (MQ).Results
There was an unanimous agreement on the general efficacy of bracing and physiotherapy for this condition. Most experts suggested the use of 4-5 point bracing systems, however there was some controversy with regards to physiotherapeutic aims and modalities.Conclusion
The SOSORT panel of experts suggest the use of rigid braces and physiotherapy to correct thoracic hyperkyphosis during adolescence. The evaluation of specific braces and physiotherapy techniques has been recommended. 相似文献17.
18.
Background
Meta-analyses of antidepressant medications have reported only modest benefits over placebo treatment, and when unpublished trial data are included, the benefit falls below accepted criteria for clinical significance. Yet, the efficacy of the antidepressants may also depend on the severity of initial depression scores. The purpose of this analysis is to establish the relation of baseline severity and antidepressant efficacy using a relevant dataset of published and unpublished clinical trials.Methods and Findings
We obtained data on all clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the licensing of the four new-generation antidepressants for which full datasets were available. We then used meta-analytic techniques to assess linear and quadratic effects of initial severity on improvement scores for drug and placebo groups and on drug–placebo difference scores. Drug–placebo differences increased as a function of initial severity, rising from virtually no difference at moderate levels of initial depression to a relatively small difference for patients with very severe depression, reaching conventional criteria for clinical significance only for patients at the upper end of the very severely depressed category. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relation of baseline severity and improvement was curvilinear in drug groups and showed a strong, negative linear component in placebo groups.Conclusions
Drug–placebo differences in antidepressant efficacy increase as a function of baseline severity, but are relatively small even for severely depressed patients. The relationship between initial severity and antidepressant efficacy is attributable to decreased responsiveness to placebo among very severely depressed patients, rather than to increased responsiveness to medication. 相似文献19.
J Oloya R Kazwala A Lund J Opuda-Asibo B Demelash E Skjerve TB Johansen B Djønne 《BMC microbiology》2007,7(1):95
Background
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic problem in pastoral cattle and communities in Uganda. Tuberculin tests in pastoral cattle had shown a high herd but low animal prevalence, with a high proportion of avian reactors. No work had been done to identify the mycobacterial species involved. The objective of the study was to isolate and characterise Mycobacterial species causing tuberculous lesions in slaughtered animals. Lesioned organs compatible with bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle from pastoral areas in Uganda were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacteria. AccuProbe culture identification kits for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium complex and M. avium were used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping and Insertion Sequence (IS) 1311 and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis (RFLP) were used to further characterise the isolates. 相似文献20.
Codon bias and plasticity in immunoglobulins 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Immunoglobulin genes experience Darwinian evolution twice. In addition to
the germline evolution all genes experience, immunoglobulins are subjected,
upon exposure to antigen, to somatic hypermutation. This is accompanied by
selection for high affinity to the eliciting antigen and frequently results
in a significant increase in the specificity of the responding population.
The hypermutation mechanism displays a strong sequence specificity. Thus
arises the opportunity to manipulate codon bias in a site-specific manner
so as to direct hypermutation to those parts of the gene that encode the
antigen-binding portions of the molecule and away from those that encode
the structurally conserved regions. This segregation of mutability would
clearly be advantageous; it would enhance the generation of potentially
useful variants while keeping mutational loss to acceptably low levels. But
it is not clear that the advantage gained would be large enough to produce
a measurable effect within the background stochasticity of the evolutionary
process. I have performed a pair of statistical tests to determine whether
site- specific codon bias in human immunoglobulin genes is correlated with
the sequence specificity of the somatic mutation mechanism. The sequence
specificity of the mutator was determined by analysis of a database of
published immunoglobulin intron sequences that had experienced somatic
mutation but not selection. The site-specific codon bias was determined by
analysis of published sequences of human germline immunoglobulin V genes.
Both tests strongly suggest that evolution has acted to enhance the
plasticity of immunoglobulin genes under somatic hypermutation.
相似文献