纵向岭谷区公路沿线土壤表层重金属空间分异特征

以纵向岭谷区内云南省境内的丽江～景洪公路沿线作为案例研究区,根据路段所处的地理位置、公路等级、修建的时段,将其分为北段、中段和南段。通过公路沿线94个样点的土壤表层重金属全量分析,研究了土壤重金属沿公路的纵向、横向和垂向分异特征性。在纵向上,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,As,Mg和Mn等8种重金属全量存在北段高于中段和南段的特征;相关性分析结果表明公路建设对铅、镉、锌的纵向差异存在一定影响。横向空间分异性显示,虽然在不同的土壤种类和利用方式下,土壤重金属含量值差异很大,但公路沿线重金属与公路距离之间存在显著相关关系,表明公路对横向的空间分异性存在决定性影响,影响带宽度约为50m垂向分析结果表明,自然土壤中重金属的垂向分异性不如横向分异明显,仅显示在近公路处有重金属富集现象;而在公路施工区,受人工护坡等工程的局部影响,垂向分异性不显著。     

塔里木河中下游地区湿地景观格局变化

在RS和GIS技术的支持下,结合塔里木河中下游的区域特点,确定了塔里木河中下游湿地景观分类系统.通过采用景观多样性指数、优势度、景观破碎化指数、分布质心和平均斑块形状指数等景观的空间格局指数,较系统地分析了1980～2000年塔里木河中下游湿地景观空间格局变化.结果表明：塔里木河中下游湿地的分布面积呈显著下降趋势.1980～1990年湿地面积减少,斑块数量和密度增加.1990～2000年湿地面积有所增加,斑块数量和密度持续增加;随着人类干扰强度增加,景观多样性增加,优势度降低,湿地的破碎化程度越来越大;湿地景观要素中,河渠湿地、水库坑塘湿地面积有所增加,而湖泊、滩地、沼泽面积均在不断减少,其中沼泽湿地面积减少幅度最大.     

微生物次生代谢的分子调控

摘要：微生物次生代谢产物在工业、农业和医药方面具有重要的应用价值,因此其合成调控长期以来倍受关注。近些年的研究表明,次生代谢产物的生物合成往往与产生菌的生理和发育状态紧密相关,其合成过程错综复杂,形成了多水平的调控网络。在目前所知的一万多种天然抗生素中, 约60%以上是链霉菌产生的。因此,本文主要以链霉菌产生的次生代谢产物为主线,以有突出进展的几种抗生素的研究为代表来介绍近年来抗生素生物合成中分子调控的相关进展,并对未来次生代谢合成调控的发展方向提出一点建议。     

Overexpression of a sterol C-24(28) reductase increases ergosterol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Three plasmids, pHX4, pHXA4 and pHXC4, containing sterol C-24(28) reductase gene (ERG4) under the control of ERG4, ADH1 or CUP1 promoters, respectively, and the copper resistance gene as the selection marker were constructed, and they were then introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ergosterol production in recombinant strains was enhanced. Under the optimal culture condition, ergosterol content in recombinant strains YEH56(pHX4), YEH56(pHXA4) and YEH56(pHXC4) was 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5-fold (47 mg g^–1) of that in the original strain.     

Disruption of sabR affects nikkomycin biosynthesis and morphogenesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes

The gene, sabR, encoding a receptor for -butyrolactone, was cloned from the genomic DNA of Streptomyces ansochromogenes 7100. Its deduced protein shows strong homology to several -butyrolactone-binding proteins in Streptomyces. Disruption of sabR retarded nikkomycin production in liquid media containing glucose or glycerol as carbon source. Sporulation of sabR disruption mutants was earlier than the parent strain on solid media with glucose or glycerol as carbon source. However, disruption of sabR had no effect on either nikkomycin production or sporulation on media containing mannitol as carbon source, suggesting that sabR is a pleiotropic regulatory gene that controls the onset of nikkomycin production and sporulation in S. ansochromogenes and is related to the utilization of carbon source.     

Construction of a novel shuttle vector based on an RCR-plasmid from a haloalkaliphilic archaeon and transformation into other haloarchaea

The pNB101 is the first plasmid to be isolated from an haloalkaliphilic archaea. With insertion of the ColE1 replicon of Escherichia coli, as well as two antibiotic resistance genes at its unique Hin dIII site, a novel shuttle vector between haloarchaea and E. coli was developed. This vector, named pNB102, was successfully transformed into two non-alkaliphilic haloarchaea, Halobacterium salinarum SNOB and Haloarcula hispanica ATCC33960. The presence and stability of pNB102 in the transformants were confirmed by PCR identification, Southern blotting and restriction endonuclease digestion. Results also indicated that the presence of restriction-modification (R-M) systems in some Halobacterium species prevented this transformation. It is the first report that the replicon of pNB101 has such a wide host range, and has taken the first step for construction of the vector/host system in haloalkaliphilic archaea.     

圈卷产色链霉菌分化及其特性的研究

链霉菌分化的分子生物学研究是一个饶有兴趣并富有挑战性的世界前沿研究课题.在原核生物的分化研究中,主要以枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)作为模式系统,但枯草杆菌的生命周期尤其是分化过程远比链霉菌简单,不象链霉菌有基质菌丝、气生菌丝、菌丝螺旋和孢子分隔那样的发育分化过程[1].在真核生物中也有分化研究的报道,如构巢曲霉、酵母等.由于真核生物的基因结构比原核生物复杂得多,弄清分化中基因调控的关系就更加困难.因此,选用链霉菌作分化研究的材料有其独一无二的优越性.国际上有关链霉菌的分子生物学研究,近年来主要以链霉菌的抗生素生物合成基因和链霉菌的分化基因两个大的方面作为研究的热点和主攻方向,并展开了一些开拓性的研究.     

Cloning, Function, and Expression of sanS: A Gene Essential for Nikkomycin Biosynthesis of Streptomyces ansochromogenes

A 2-kb SmaI DNA fragment was cloned from the cosmid library of Streptomyces ansochromogenes. This DNA fragment contains a complete open reading frame which is 1275 bp in length, designated sanS (GenBank accession no. AF322179). The deduced SanS protein consists of 424 amino acids and belongs to a superfamily of enzymes with an unusual ATP-grasp fold. The disruption and complementation of sanS indicated that sanS is essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. The sanS gene was subcloned into expression vector pET23b and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The protein was then purified and showed ATPase activity.