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101.
In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Ducourau and colleagues report that they retrospectively detected anti-infliximab antibodies in 21% of patients with rheumatic
diseases. Patients with anti-infliximab antibodies had lower serum drug concentrations. These findings contribute to the existing
evidence of immunogenicity of biologicals and its clinical relevance. We argue for therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize
treatment response. 相似文献
102.
103.
ZSOLT PÉNZES GEORGE MELIKA ZOLTÁN BOZSÓKI PÉTER BIHARI ISTVÁN MIKÓ MAJID TAVAKOLI JULI PUJADE‐VILLAR BALÁZS FEHÉR DÁVID FÜLÖP KRISZTIÁN SZABÓ MIKLÓS BOZSÓ BOTOND SIPOS KÁLMÁN SOMOGYI GRAHAM N. STONE 《Systematic Entomology》2009,34(4):688-711
Several unanswered questions remain regarding the taxonomy and phylogeny of inquiline gallwasps (Cynipidae: Synergini), obligate inhabitants of plant galls induced primarily by other gallwasps (Cynipidae: Cynipini and Diplolepidini). Here we use morphological and molecular data to revise the inquiline genus Synophrus, members of which are notable for extensively modifying the structure of galls induced by oak gallwasp hosts on oaks in the section Cerris of Quercus subgenus Quercus in the Western Palaearctic. Previous taxonomic treatments have recognized three Western Palaearctic species of Synophrus: S. pilulae, S. politus and S. olivieri. Our results support the establishment of four additional Western Palaearctic species: Synophrus hungaricus sp.n. , S. libani sp.n. , S. syriacus sp.n. and S. hispanicus sp.n. We describe and diagnose these new taxa, analyse their phylogenetic relationships, and show that Synophrus inquilines are able to impose their own gall phenotypes on those of their hosts. We provide an updated key to Synophrus. 相似文献
104.
Soler E Thépot D Rival-Gervier S Jolivet G Houdebine LM 《Reproduction, nutrition, development》2006,46(5):579-588
Milk is a very abundant source of proteins for animal and human consumption. Milk composition can be modified using transgenesis, including exogenous gene addition and endogenous gene inactivation. The study of milk protein genes has provided researchers with regulatory regions capable of efficiently and specifically driving the expression of foreign genes in milk. The projects underway are aimed at modifying milk composition, improving its nutritional value, reducing mammary infections, providing consumers with antipathogen proteins and preparing purified recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical use. The present paper summarises the current progress in this field. 相似文献
105.
Alexandre C Motta Joost LM Vissers Renée Gras Betty CAM Van Esch Antoon JM Van Oosterhout Martijn C Nawijn 《Respiratory research》2009,10(1):1-8
Background
Anxiety and depression are common and treatable risk factors for re-hospitalisation and death in patients with COPD. The degree of lung function impairment does not sufficiently explain anxiety and depression. The BODE index allows a functional classification of COPD beyond FEV1. The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to test whether the BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms; and (2) to assess which components of the BODE index are associated with these psychological aspects of COPD.Methods
COPD was classified according to the GOLD stages based on FEV1%predicted in 122 stable patients with COPD. An additional four stage classification was constructed based on the quartiles of the BODE index. The hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxious and depressive symptoms.Results
The overall prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms was 49% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of anxious symptoms increased with increasing BODE stages but not with increasing GOLD stages. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased with both increasing GOLD and BODE stages. The BODE index was superior to FEV1%predicted for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms. Anxious symptoms were explained by dyspnoea. Depressive symptoms were explained by both dyspnoea and reduced exercise capacity.Conclusion
The BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms in COPD patients. These psychological consequences of the disease may play a role in future classification systems of COPD. 相似文献106.
MT Butcher JW Hermanson NG Ducharme LM Mitchell LV Soderholm JE Bertram 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2009,152(1):100-114
The forelimb digital flexors of the horse display remarkable diversity in muscle architecture despite each muscle-tendon unit having a similar mechanical advantage across the fetlock joint. We focus on two distinct muscles of the digital flexor system: short compartment deep digital flexor (DDF(sc)) and the superficial digital flexor (SDF). The objectives were to investigate force-length behavior and work performance of these two muscles in vivo during locomotion, and to determine how muscle architecture contributes to in vivo function in this system. We directly recorded muscle force (via tendon strain gauges) and muscle fascicle length (via sonomicrometry crystals) as horses walked (1.7 m s(-1)), trotted (4.1 m s(-1)) and cantered (7.0 m s(-1)) on a motorized treadmill. Over the range of gaits and speeds, DDF(sc) fascicles shortened while producing relatively low force, generating modest positive net work. In contrast, SDF fascicles initially shortened, then lengthened while producing high force, resulting in substantial negative net work. These findings suggest the long fibered, unipennate DDF(sc) supplements mechanical work during running, whereas the short fibered, multipennate SDF is specialized for economical high force and enhanced elastic energy storage. Apparent in vivo functions match well with the distinct architectural features of each muscle. 相似文献
107.
Animal imaging requires the use of reliable long-term fluorescence methods and technology. The application of confocal imaging to in vivo monitoring of transgene expression within internal organs and tissues has been limited by the accessibility to these sites. We aimed to test the feasibility of fibred confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) to image in situ green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cells of living animals. We used transgenic rabbits expressing the enhanced GFP (eGFP) gene. Detailed tissue architecture and cell morphology were visualised and identified in situ by FCFM. Imaging of vasculature by using FCFM revealed a single blood vessel or vasculature network. We also used non-transgenic female rabbits mated with transgenic males to visualise eGFP expression in extra-foetal membranes and the placenta. Expression of the eGFP gene was confirmed by FCFM. This new imaging technology offers specific characteristics: a way to gain access to organs and tissues in vivo, sensitive detection of fluorescent signals, and cellular observations with rapid acquisition at near real time. It allows an accurate visualisation of tissue anatomical structure and cell morphology. FCFM is a promising technology to study biological processes in the natural physiological environment of living animals. 相似文献
108.
Soler E Le Saux A Guinut F Passet B Cohen R Merle C Charpilienne A Fourgeux C Sorel V Piriou A Schwartz-Cornil I Cohen J Houdebine LM 《Transgenic research》2005,14(6):833-844
Rotaviruses are the main cause of infantile viral gastroenteritis worldwide leading to approximately 500,000 deaths each year
mostly in the developing world. For unknown reasons, live attenuated viruses used in classical vaccine strategies were shown
to be responsible for intussusception (a bowel obstruction). New strategies allowing production of safe recombinant non-replicating
rotavirus candidate vaccine are thus clearly needed. In this study we utilized transgenic rabbit milk as a source of rotavirus
antigens. Individual transgenic rabbit lines were able to produce several hundreds of micrograms per ml of secreted recombinant
VP2 and VP6 proteins in their milk. Viral proteins expressed in our model were immunogenic and were shown to induce a significant
reduction in viral antigen shedding after challenge with virulent rotavirus in the adult mouse model. To our knowledge, this
is the first report of transgenic mammal bioreactors allowing the rapid co-production of two recombinant viral proteins in
milk to be used as a vaccine. 相似文献
109.
Transgenic animal bioreactors 总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22
Houdebine LM 《Transgenic research》2000,9(4-5):305-320
The production of recombinant proteins is one of the major successes of biotechnology. Animal cells are required to synthesize
proteins with the appropriate post-translational modifications. Transgenic animals are being used for this purpose. Milk,
egg white, blood, urine, seminal plasma and silk worm cocoon from transgenic animals are candidates to be the source of recombinant
proteins at an industrial scale. Although the first recombinant protein produced by transgenic animals is expected to be in
the market in 2000, a certain number of technical problems remain to be solved before the various systems are optimized. Although
the generation of transgenic farm animals has become recently easier mainly with the technique of animal cloning using transfected
somatic cells as nuclear donor, this point remains a limitation as far as cost is concerned. Numerous experiments carried
out for the last 15 years have shown that the expression of the transgene is predictable only to a limited extent. This is
clearly due to the fact that the expression vectors are not constructed in an appropriate manner. This undoubtedly comes from
the fact that all the signals contained in genes have not yet been identified. Gene constructions thus result sometime in
poorly functional expression vectors. One possibility consists in using long genomic DNA fragments contained in YAC or BAC
vectors. The other relies on the identification of the major important elements required to obtain a satisfactory transgene
expression. These elements include essentially gene insulators, chromatin openers, matrix attached regions, enhancers and
introns. A certain number of proteins having complex structures (formed by several subunits, being glycosylated, cleaved,
carboxylated...) have been obtained at levels sufficient for an industrial exploitation. In other cases, the mammary cellular
machinery seems insufficient to promote all the post-translational modifications. The addition of genes coding for enzymes
involved in protein maturation has been envisaged and successfully performed in one case. Furin gene expressed specifically
in the mammary gland proved to able to cleave native human protein C with good efficiency. In a certain number of cases, the
recombinant proteins produced in milk have deleterious effects on the mammary gland function or in the animals themselves.
This comes independently from ectopic expression of the transgenes and from the transfer of the recombinant proteins from
milk to blood. One possibility to eliminate or reduce these side-effects may be to use systems inducible by an exogenous molecule
such as tetracycline allowing the transgene to be expressed only during lactation and strictly in the mammary gland. The purification
of recombinant proteins from milk is generally not particularly difficult. This may not be the case, however, when the endogenous
proteins such as serum albumin or antibodies are abundantly present in milk. This problem may be still more crucial if proteins
are produced in blood. Among the biological contaminants potentially present in the recombinant proteins prepared from transgenic
animals, prions are certainly those raising the major concern. The selection of animals chosen to generate transgenics on
one hand and the elimination of the potentially contaminated animals, thanks to recently defined quite sensitive tests may
reduce the risk to an extremely low level. The available techniques to produce pharmaceutical proteins in milk can be used
as well to optimize milk composition of farm animals, to add nutriceuticals in milk and potentially to reduce or even eliminate
some mammary infectious diseases.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
110.