周口店山顶洞人齿列

在近 10年里 ,有许多文章涉及解剖学上现代东亚人及其衍生人群起源问题 (Akazawa,Aoki and Kimura,1992 ;Brown,1998,1999?;Hanihara,1994;Howells,1995 ;Neves,19 98;Omoto,1995 ;Pope,1992 ;Turner,1992 a,1992 b;Wu,1998)。在许多论文中关注了周口店山顶洞的晚更新世化石 (Black,1934 ;Pei,1934 ;Weidenreich,1938— 39)。尽管原来的标本在战时失踪 ,但直接从 30年代制作模型上已经进行过许多考察和分析 ,或者利用了 Weidenreich的对原标本的测量和观察资料进行分析 ,或者兼而用之 (Brown,19 98;Howells,1995 ;Kaminga and Wrigh…     

Health of adult free-living cheetahs

Health of free-living adult cheetahs was assessed using haematological and biochemical measurements of condition. Results showed that cheetahs of both sexes varied on several of these measures, demonstrating that their genetic monomorphism does not result in individuals being of equivalent health. Differences in condition appeared to be somewhat associated with sex, age and whether males were territorial. Compared to two different groups of captive cheetahs, free-living cheetahs were monocytotic, and free-living females were macrocytic. Limited data from captive animals showed they ate more than their free-living counterparts, possibly reflecting the elevated blood glucose levels of captive cheetahs.     

The transverse-axial tubular system (TATS) of mouse myocardium: its morphology in the developing and adult animal

Invaginations of the sarcolemma that generate the transverse-axial tubular system (TATS) of the ventricular myocardial cells have begun to develop in the mouse by the time of birth. The formation of the TATS appears to be derived from the repetitive generation of caveolae, which forms "beaded tubules". Beaded tubules are retained in the adult, in which they frequently present a spiraled topography. Development of the TATS progresses so rapidly that complex systems are already present in the cardiac muscle cells of young mice; by 10-14 days of age, the ultrastructure is essentially identical to that of the adult. The mouse myocardial TATS is composed of anastomosed elements that are directed transversely and axially (longitudinally). Many tubules have an oblique orientation, however, and most elements of the TATS are highly pleiomorphic. In this respect the TATS of the mouse heart is relatively primitive in appearance in comparison with the more ordered TATS latticeworks typical of the ventricular cells of other mammals. Stereological analysis of the mouse TATS indicates that the volume fraction (VV) and surface density (SV) are considerably greater than previously reported (3.24% and 0.5028 micron-1, respectively). The most complex ramifications of the TATS are embodied in the subsarcolemmal caveolar system and the deeper tubulovesicular "labyrinths", both of which can be found in early postnatal and adult ventricular cells. In atrial cells, TATS development is initiated several days later than in the ventricular cells. The TATS of adult atrial myocardial cells is less prominent than the ventricular TATS and consists largely of axial elements; the incidence of the TATS, furthermore, is more pronounced in the left than in the right atrium.     

Analysis of hematologic findings in healthy and sick adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

In order to assess the validity of interspecies extrapolation of hematological information, reference values obtained on 63 captive adult chimpanzees were compared with normal values for man. The discriminative power of both chimpanzee and human reference values was tested by the ability of each to identify abnormalities in the blood in 15 sick chimpanzees. The results indicated that human criteria could be applied to most chimpanzee red cell values but species differences were found in erythrocyte sedimentation rates and neutrophil counts.     

Factor-VIII-related antigen: measurement by enzyme immunoassay.

Factor-VIII-related antigen was measured, both by an enzyme immunoassay using a microplate method and by the Laurell technique, in normal people, patients with von Willebrand''s disease, haemophiliacs, and obligatory haemophilia carriers. The enzyme immunoassay was simpler to perform and gave equally reliable and reproducible results. Many more assays could be carried out at any one time.     

Emergence and dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae with plasmid-mediated CMY-6 and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases in community in North-India

A collection of 88 Escherichia coli and 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains previously studied for the carriage of bla _CTX-M-15 were screened for the presence of bla _ampC using multiplex PCR, and analysed for antibiotic resistance and co-carriage of bla _ampC and bla _CTX-M-15. Cefoxitin resistance was noticed in total of 41.8% isolates. Concomitant resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, gentamicin, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin was noted. A total of 20% (22/110) isolates (14.5% E. coli and 5.5% K. pneumoniae) carried plasmidic bla _ampC of the CIT-family. Sequencing of the representative isolates revealed CMY-6 AmpC-beta-lactamase. Simultaneous occurrence of bla _ampC and bla _CTX-M was noticed in 77.3% (17/22) isolates. Plasmid analysis of the selected isolates showed the presence of a single plasmid of ca. ~23 kb. Curing and transconjugation experiments provided evidence of carriage of bla _CMY and bla _CTX-M on same plasmid. RAPD typing revealed the presence of bla _CMY and bla _CTX-M in a wider range of strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae.     

Collagen-induced arthritis in common marmosets: a new nonhuman primate model for chronic arthritis

Introduction  

There is an ever-increasing need for animal models to evaluate efficacy and safety of new therapeutics in the field of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Particularly for the early preclinical evaluation of human-specific biologicals targeting the progressive phase of the disease, there is a need for relevant animal models. In response to this requirement we set out to develop a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a small-sized nonhuman primate species (300 to 400 g at adult age); that is, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).     

Aspects of early arthritis. What determines the evolution of early undifferentiated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? An update from the Norfolk Arthritis Register

Over 3500 patients with recent onset inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) have been recruited by the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) since 1990. Longitudinal data from this cohort have been used to examine the prevalence and predictors of remission, functional disability, radiological outcome, cardiovascular mortality and co-morbidity and the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rheumatoid factor titre, high baseline C-reactive protein and high baseline HAQ score are all predictors of a poor outcome. There is a strong association between possession of the shared epitope and the development of erosions. Patients who satisfy the American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a worse prognosis than those who do not. However, it appears that these patients are a poorly defined subset of all those with IP rather than having an entirely separate disease entity. New statistical techniques offer exciting possibilities for using longitudinal datasets such as NOAR to explore the long-term effects of treatment in IP and RA.