福建东山及附近岛屿岩相潮间带海藻生态的初步研究

本文根据国家海洋局第三海洋研究所和福建省科委海洋组于1961—1964年在东山及其附近岛屿的调查资料整理而成,目的在于探讨海藻在该地区潮间带分布的特点,为海藻资源的开发以及生态学研究提供某些基本资料。 调查地点有东山本岛的城关、沃角、宫前、歧下和附近的对面屿、大澎屿、塔屿、白屿、外海的兄弟屿等近十处。在普查基础上,着重于城关、对面屿、白屿和沃角分别设A、B、C、D四个断面,进行定量计算(见图1)。     

Hemin with Peroxidase Activity Can Inhibit the Oxidative Damage Induced by Ultraviolet A

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a highly reactive substance that contains oxygen, induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) cause oxidative damage to skin. We confirmed that hemin can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine (Tyr) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalysis was found to effectively reduce or eliminate oxidative damage to cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA. The scavenging effects of hemin for other free-radical ROS were also evaluated through pyrogallol autoxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·)-scavenging assays, and phenanthroline–Fe²⁺ assays. The results show that a mixture of hemin and tyrosine exhibits strong scavenging activities for H₂O₂, superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), DPPH·, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH). Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative damage to human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA was evaluated. The results show that catalysis can significantly reduce the ratio of cell apoptosis and death and inhibit the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the resistance to apoptosis was found to be enhanced. These results show that the mixture of hemin and tyrosine has a significantly protective effect against oxidative damage to HaCaT cells caused by UVA, suggesting it as a protective agent for combating UVA damage.     

青藏高原地区的光质对高原春小麦生长发育、光合速率和干物质含量影响的研究

本文模拟研究了高原地区的不同光质对春小麦的生长发育、光合速率和干物质含量等方面的影响。实验结果表明:(1)蓝光和蓝紫光的照射能使春小麦植株趋于矮壮。提高总叶绿素含量,增加叶绿素b值,并能延迟春小麦的生育期和干物质积累的时间。(2)红光和蓝紫光对春小麦品种的光合速率都比对照有提高效应,其中红光最显著,蓝紫光次之,而蓝光下最低。(3)红光和蓝紫光下积累的干物质含量均大于对照,蓝光下的较低。从而论证了青藏高原地区较好的光质,尤其丰富的蓝紫光是高原春小麦屡出高产的重要生态因素之一。为在这一地区充分利用这一得天独厚的有利条件挖掘更大的高产潜力提供了科学依据。     

海南岛热带雨林优势种——青梅种群增长的矩阵模型

本文应用Lefkovitch矩阵技术,研究海南岛热带雨林优势种青梅Vatica hainanensis(V.astrotricha)种群数量动态,建立种群增长的矩阵模型,模拟种群增长的可能变化。 计算得出青梅初始矩阵的特征根是1.0004,它已相当接近种群稳定时的理论值1.0,而且种群初始和稳定时的个体分布十分相似,从而证明青梅是一个稳定的顶极种群。种群增长模拟结果表明,在青梅种群生活史中,种子和老龄阶段对干扰不敏感,而具最大繁殖潜力的阶段对干扰最敏感。     

畜牧业在农业生态系统中的地位——窦店畜牧业的系统分析

本研究把畜牧业看作整个农业生态系统中的一个亚系统,定量分析了各种畜禽对能量、蛋白质和营养物质的转化效率,分析了畜牧亚系统与其它亚系统间以及与环境间的能量与物质的交流,从而对窦店畜牧业的生产力水平及其在整个农业生态系统中的地位做出客观评价,对畜牧结构的调整提出了建议,并讨论了农区畜牧业和农业生态系统的开放等问题。     

生长期-定时一年生植物群体光合产物的最优分配策略的理论分析

本工作建立了一个一年生植物群体的生长模型,利用以梯度法为基础的离散系统最优控制的计算方法,计算并分析了一年生植物群体光合产物的营养器官间分配的最优策略,以及这一策略对植物群体最大生长速率和消光系数的依赖关系。用Pontryagin最小值原理和奇异最优控制的条件证明了光合产物的最优分配方法是:在营养和生殖生长并行阶段,群体叶片的死亡量恰好等于新形成量,植物干重随时间线性增加。     

植物蔗糖转运蛋白表达的调控因素与分子机制

植物光合作用的产物主要以蔗糖的形式在植物体内进行从源到库的运输.蔗糖转运蛋白是此过程的重要参与者,其表达和调控与植物中光合作用产物的分配紧密关联,从而调控着植物的生长发育、结果结实、抗逆抗病等性状.蔗糖转运蛋白的表达受到植物发育时期、外界环境条件及激素的影响.蔗糖转运蛋白的调控机制有转录因子的调节、基因内部序列调控、蛋...     

The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV pilus promotes resistance to hydrogen peroxide- and LL-37-mediated killing by modulating the availability of intracellular,labile iron

The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV pilus is a multifunctional, dynamic fiber involved in host cell attachment, DNA transformation, and twitching motility. We previously reported that the N. gonorrhoeae pilus is also required for resistance against hydrogen peroxide-, antimicrobial peptide LL-37-, and non-oxidative, neutrophil-mediated killing. We tested whether the hydrogen peroxide, LL-37, and neutrophil hypersensitivity phenotypes in non-piliated N. gonorrhoeae could be due to elevated iron levels. Iron chelation in the growth medium rescued a nonpiliated pilE mutant from both hydrogen peroxide- and antimicrobial peptide LL-37-mediated killing, suggesting these phenotypes are related to iron availability. We used the antibiotic streptonigrin, which depends on free cytoplasmic iron and oxidation to kill bacteria, to determine whether piliation affected intracellular iron levels. Several non-piliated, loss-of-function mutants were more sensitive to streptonigrin killing than the piliated parental strain. Consistent with the idea that higher available iron levels in the under- and non-piliated strains were responsible for the higher streptonigrin sensitivity, iron limitation by desferal chelation restored resistance to streptonigrin in these strains and the addition of iron restored the sensitivity to streptonigrin killing. The antioxidants tiron and dimethylthiourea rescued the pilE mutant from streptonigrin-mediated killing, suggesting that the elevated labile iron pool in non-piliated bacteria leads to streptonigrin-dependent reactive oxygen species production. These antioxidants did not affect LL-37-mediated killing. We confirmed that the pilE mutant is not more sensitive to other antibiotics showing that the streptonigrin phenotypes are not due to general bacterial envelope disruption. The total iron content of the cell was unaltered by piliation when measured using ICP-MS suggesting that only the labile iron pool is affected by piliation. These results support the hypothesis that piliation state affects N. gonorrhoeae iron homeostasis and influences sensitivity to various host-derived antimicrobial agents.     

线粒体ATP敏感钾通道对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞低氧诱导因子-1α表达及细胞增殖的作用

本文旨在探讨线粒体ATP敏感钾（mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K＋,MitoKATP）通道对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞低氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）表达和细胞增殖的影响。原代培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分为常氧对照组、常氧＋diazoxide（MitoKATP通道的选择性开放剂）组、常氧＋5-hydroxydecanoate（5-HD,MitoKATP通道的选择性阻断剂）组、低氧对照组、低氧＋diazoxide组、低氧＋5-HD组,共6组,分别应用罗丹明123荧光技术检测各组大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的线粒体膜电位,免疫组化检测HIF-1α的表达及酶联免疫检测仪检测细胞增殖的变化。结果显示,常氧＋ diazoxide组与常氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖明显增强（P〈0．05）;低氧＋diazoxide组与低氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖明显增强（P〈0.05）：常氧＋5-HD组与常氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光、HIF-1α表达、细胞增殖没有明显变化（P〉0．05）;但低氧＋5-HD组与低氧对照组比较,罗丹明123荧光明显减弱、HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖有所减弱（P〈0．05）。结果提示：MitoKATP通道的开放能引起大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞线粒体膜去极化,并可以促进HIF-1α的表达及细胞增殖。