COMPARISON OF DNA RENEWAL IN GERM-FREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE USING [125I]IODODEOXYURIDINE AND [3H]THYMIDINE

Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) C3H mice received a single injection of 1 μCi [³H]thymidine and 3 μCi [¹²⁵I]iododeoxyuridine to provide simultaneous labeling of DNA with the two precursors. Thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow (femora), small intestine, colon and skin were examined for total organ activity and rate of DNA renewal 1–8 days after injection. Precursor incorporation, assayed on day 1, was lower in the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and femora (and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen and colon) of GF mice as compared to CV animals. The opposite was observed in the small intestine and skin, i.e. total organ activity was higher in GF animals. Differences in precursor incorporation were partly due to differences in organ weights between the two groups of mice. In comparison to CV animals, DNA renewal rates were diminished in the mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, colon (following a 3-day plateau) and spleen of GF mice. Little, if any, difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the rate of DNA turnover in the thymus and skin. Radioactivity of the small intestine remained constant for 2 days. Thereafter intestinal activity in GF mice declined at an initial slow rate between days 2 and 5 followed by a rapid decrease between days 5 and 8. In CV mice the first phase of activity loss was short with the rapid decline in intestinal activity beginning on day 3. From the slopes of the regression lines, the percentage thymidine reutilization was estimated. Reutilization varied from 0 to 63% in the various organs examined, with the greatest difference between GF and CV mice occurring in the mesenteric lymph nodes.     

Rapid chromosome territory relocation by nuclear motor activity in response to serum removal in primary human fibroblasts

Background  

Radial chromosome positioning in interphase nuclei is nonrandom and can alter according to developmental, differentiation, proliferation, or disease status. However, it is not yet clear when and how chromosome repositioning is elicited.     

Biosynthesis and in vitro translation of the major surfactant-associated protein from human lung

We have characterized a 32,000-36,000-dalton sialoglycoprotein group that is an integral component of the lipoprotein complex called pulmonary surfactant. Our results from the cell-free translation of human lung RNA show that this protein consists of two similarly-sized precursor components of about 29,000-31,000 daltons. Tunicamycin treatment of the lung tissue prevents formation of the normal protein and results in the accumulation of these precursor components which are also seen under normal conditions in very small amounts. Although in vitro translation in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes suggests that a cleavable signal peptide sequence is present in these precursor molecules, it does not appear that this cleavage occurs in vivo.     

Functional outline of the epidemic process

The present study has shown that on the level of the parasitic system the epidemic process is a biological system, wherein the host population serves as the internal regulator, the mechanism of transmission serves as the external regulator and the parasite population, as the regulated object. The biological regulating mechanisms of the epidemic process have fundamental differences in the groups of infectious with various mechanisms of transmission, and the specific nature of the mechanism of transmission determines the peculiar features of the biological mechanism which governs the self-regulation of the epidemic process. In contrast, on a higher level of the organization of the epidemic process, i. e. on the level of the socio-ecological system, the epidemic process is a biosocial system, wherein the human society serves as the regulator, the parasitic system serves as the regulated object and the mechanism of transmission plays the role of the filter which determines the scope of social factors, most important in the regulation of the epidemic process in a given infection. The spontaneous regulation of the epidemic process is the freed forward channel from the regulator to the regulated object, and the controlled regulation is the feedback channel.     

Determination of the heat resistance of spores using a solid heating block system

A simple and accurate technique for the determination of the heat resistance of spores is described. The technique combines a modified capillary tube method with a solid heating block. The come-up time of spore suspensions was found to be short and simple and accurate technique is suggested for the correction of the come-up times. Experimental results are presented for the destruction of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus at 120 which indicates the accuracy and reproducibility of the new method.     

Endocytosis of aggregated immunoglobulin G by rat basophilic leukemia cells; rate, extent, and effects on the endocytosis of immunoglobulin E

Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells have distinct receptors for IgE and IgG. We assessed the endocytosis of chemically and immunochemically cross-linked mouse-IgG and its influence on the simultaneous endocytosis of IgE. We found that at 37 degrees C, aggregates of IgG and IgE were endocytosed at about the same rate with one-half of the maximal endocytosis occurring in 5 to 13 min, and the efficiency of endocytosis for both ligands ranging from 40 to 70%. We also found that endocytosis of cross-linked IgE and IgG occurred simultaneously and neither ligand significantly affected the rate or extent of endocytosis of the other. The cells accumulated the cross-linked IgG, and then released it to the extracellular environment, at a rate (less than 3%/hr) slower than the released endocytosed IgE (greater than 10%/hr). Using an assay that discriminates between unbound and receptor-bound oligomeric IgG, we found that oligomeric IgG is endocytosed with its receptor, and that the bulk of the ligand remains bound to its receptor for greater than 120 min after endocytosis. The differences in the rate of release of endocytosed IgG vs IgE suggests that the intracellular fate or pathway of these two oligomeric ligands may differ.     

Proline hydroxylation of collagens synthesized at different temperatures in vivo by two poikilothermic species

Extent of prolyl hydroxylation in newly synthesized viper collagen is decreased at 10 degrees C to approximately 23% of normal on skin and to approximately 57% of normal in bone collagen. At 20 degrees C, prolyl hydroxylation is approximately 50% of normal in skin and normal in bone. At 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C, prolyl hydroxylation is decreased approximately 32% in the skin collagen of carp. In contrast, prolyl hydroxylation is unchanged at 10 and 20 degrees C in bone, scale and lepidotrichia. Prolyl hydroxylation of cartilaginous endoskeleton showed an approximately 25% decrease at 20 degrees C.