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41.
Determination of the entire nucleotide sequence of the aphid 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S rDNA) revealed that it is 4,147 by
in length with a G + C content of 60.3%. Based on the nucleotide sequence, we constructed a presumed secondary-structure model
of the aphid 28S rRNA which indicated that the aphid 28S rRNA is characterized by the length and high G + C content of its
variable regions. The G + C content of the aphid's variable regions was much higher than that of the entire sequence of the
28S rRNA, which formed a striking contrast to those ofDrosophila with the G + C content much lower than the entire 28S molecule. In this respect, the aphid 28S rRNA somewhat resembled those
of vertebrates. This is the third report of a complete large-subunit rRNA sequence from an arthropod, and the first 28S rRNA
sequence for a nondipterous insect.
Correspondence to: H. Ishikawa 相似文献
42.
A systemic oxidative stress of HIV (+) individuals has been recognized from a low glutathione level and a high level of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF. Previously, we demonstrated that the catalase enzyme activity in HIV (+) population is significantly altered depending on the cell types; the level was significantly high in red blood cells while the enzymes in white blood cells were remarkably low (Res Commun Subs Abuse 16: 161–176, 1995). In this study, we further characterized the difference in RBC catalase molecules between HIV (+) and control population. We have found that RBC from HIV (+) population, whether they were asymptomatic or symptomatic, contained a significantly elevated catalase protein accompanied by the enzyme activities, and that the majority of the elevated protein were acidic pl of the molecules with an identical subunit mass of approximately 60 KDa. These results suggest that catalase is induced prior to and/or during erythroid differentiation lineage in HIV (+) population as a somatic defense to respond and compensate for a systemic oxidative stress and for an anemic condition. (Mol Cell Biochem 165: 77–81, 1996) 相似文献
43.
C. Schönbach Kiyoshi Miwa Masaaki Ibe Hajime Shiga Kiyoshi Nokihara Masafumi Takiguchi 《Immunogenetics》1996,45(2):121-129
HLA-B*3501 is associated with subacute thyroiditis and fast progression of AIDS. An important prerequisite to investigate the T-cell
recognition of HLA-B*3501-restricted antigens is the characterization of peptide-HLA-B*3501 interactions. In this study, peptide-HLA-B*3501 interactions were determined in quantitative peptide binding assays. The results were statistically analyzed to evaluate
the influence of both anchor and nonanchor positions and the predictability of peptide binding. The binding data demonstrated
that all anchor residues at position 2 and the C-terminus found in 9-mers functioned equally as anchors in 10-mers and 11-mers.
These minimum requirements of peptide binding were refined by assessing positive and negative effects of nonanchor residues.
Aliphatic hydrophobic residues at positions 3, 5, and 8 of 10-mers and position 3 of 11-mers significantly enhanced HLA-B*3501 binding. Similar effects rendered aromatic, bulky residues, acidic or polar residues of 11-mers at position 1 as well
as at positions 4, 8, and 10, respectively. Negative effects were observed for residues carrying positively charged side-chains
at position 7 of 11-mers. The refined HLA-B*3501 peptide binding motifs enhanced the identification of potential T-cell epitopes. The disparity between positive effects
at the middle and C-terminal part (positions 5 – 8 and 10) of 11-mers and shorter peptides supports the extrusion of 11-mer
residues at positions 5, 6, and 7, away from the HLA-B*3501 binding cleft.
Received: 29 May 1996 / Revised: 5 August 1996 相似文献
44.
45.
Myosin molecules contacting an actin filament in the presence of ATP were found to regulate the filamental fluctuations due to ATP hydrolysis in a communicative manner along the filament. As an evidence of the occurrence of the communication, ATP-activated fluctuating displacements of the filament in the direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis were identified to propagate at a finite velocity not less than about 0.2 μm/s unidirectionally along the filament. 相似文献
46.
47.
Calsequestrin is the major Ca2+-binding protein localized in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Calsequestrin has been purified and cloned from both skeletal and cardiac muscle in mammalian, amphibian, and avian species. Two different calsequestrin gene products namely cardiac and fast have been identified. Fast and cardiac calsequestrin isoforms have a highly acidic amino acid composition. The amino acid composition of the cardiac form is very similar to the skeletal form except for the carboxyl terminal region of the protein which possess variable length of acidic residues and two phosphorylation sites. Circular dichroism and NMR studies have shown that calsequestrin increases its -helical content and the intrinsic fluorescence upon binding of Ca2+. Calsequestrin binds Ca2+ with high-capacity and with moderate affinity and it functions as a Ca2+ storage protein in the lumen of the SR. Calsequestrin has been found to be associated with the Ca2+ release channel protein complex of the SR through protein-protein interactions. The human and rabbit fast calsequestrin genes have been cloned. The fast gene is skeletal muscle specific and transcribed at different rates in fast and slow skeletal muscle but not in cardiac muscle. We have recently cloned the rabbit cardiac calsequestrin gene. Heart expresses exclusively the cardiac calsquestrin gene. This gene is also expressed in slow skeletal muscle. No change in calsequestrin mRNA expression has been detected in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and in failing human heart. 相似文献
48.
Cloning and sequencing of a 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase gene involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in Pseudomonas paucimobilis. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Y Nagata R Ohtomo K Miyauchi M Fukuda K Yano M Takagi 《Journal of bacteriology》1994,176(11):3117-3125
In Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) is converted to 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol (2,5-DDOL), which is then metabolized to 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone. Here, we isolated from the genomic library of UT26 two genes which expressed 2,5-DDOL dehydrogenase activity when they were transformed into P. putida and Escherichia coli. Both gene products had an apparent molecular size of 28 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The first gene, named linC, located separately from the two genes (linA and linB) which we had already cloned as genes involved in the gamma-HCH degradation. The other, named linX, located about 1 kb upstream of the linA gene encoding gamma-HCH dehydrochlorinase. A gamma-HCH degradation-negative mutant, named UT72, which lacked the whole linC gene but had the intact linX gene was isolated. The linC gene given in a plasmid could complement UT72. These results strongly suggest that the linC gene but not the linX gene is essential for the assimilation of gamma-HCH in UT26. Deduced amino acid sequences of LinC and LinX show homology to those of members of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. 相似文献
49.
Toshio Sakamoto Hajime Wada Ikuo Nishida Masayuki Ohmori Norio Murata 《Plant molecular biology》1994,24(4):643-650
Cyanobacterial genes for enzymes that desaturate fatty acids at the 12 position, designated desA, were isolated from Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and Anabaena variabilis by crosshybridization with a DNA probe derived from the desA gene of Synechocystis PCC6803. The genes of Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and A. variabilis encode proteins of 349, 347 and 350 amino acid residues, respectively. The transformation of Synechococcus PCC7942 with the desA genes from Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and A. variabilis was associated with the ability to introduce a second double bond at the 12 position of fatty acids. The amino acid sequence of the products of the desA genes revealed the presence of four conserved domains. Since one of the conserved domains was also found in the amino acid sequences of 3 desaturases of Brassica napus and mung bean, this domain may play an essential role in the introduction of a double bond into fatty acids bound to membrane lipids.Abbreviations X:Y(Z)
fatty acid containing X carbon atoms with Y double bonds in the cis configuration at position Z counted from the carboxyl terminus 相似文献
50.
S. Kawahara M. Yano H. Shimizu 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1994,174(1):111-120
A radular mechanosensory neuron, RM, was identified in the buccal ganglia of Incilaria fruhstorferi. Fine neurites ramified bilaterally in the buccal ganglia, and main neurites entered the subradular epithelium via buccal nerve 3 (n3). When the radula was distorted by bending, RM produced an afferent spike which was preceded by an axonic spike recorded at n3. The response of RM to radular distortion was observed even in the absence of Ca2+, which drastically suppressed chemical synaptic interactions. Therefore, RM was concluded to be a primary radular mechanoreceptor.During rhythmic buccal motor activity induced by food or electrical stimulation of the cerebrobuccal connective, RM received excitatory input during the radular retraction phase. In the isolated buccal ganglia connected to the radula via n3s, the afferent spike, which had been evoked by electrical stimulation of the subradular epithelium, was broadened with the phasic excitatory input. Since the afferent spike was also broadened by current injection into the soma, depolarization due to the phasic input may have produced the spike broadening.Spike broadening was also observed during repetitive firing evoked by current injection. The amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential in a follower neuron increased depending on the spike broadening of RM.Abbreviations CBC
cerebrobuccal connective
- EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential
- n1,n3
buccal nerves 1 and 3
- RBMA
rhythmic buccal motor activity
- RM
radular mechanosensory neuron
- SMT
supramedian radular tensor neuron 相似文献