Six New Acylphloroglucinols from Dryopteris championii

Six new acylphloroglucinols ( 1  –  6 ) were isolated from Dryopteris championii. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with reported data. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Dickeya zeae.     

脑电治疗在帕金森病伴失眠症患者中的应用疗效观察

目的观察脑电治疗帕金森病伴失眠症患者的疗效。方法将我院神经内科收治的68例帕金森病伴失眠症的患者随机分为对照组和干预组各34例,对照组仅给予药物治疗,干预组在药物治疗基础上加用脑电治疗,观察两组患者治疗4周后的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分的变化情况,并采用帕金森病综合评分表(UPDRS)为量化指标评估两组患者治疗前后的临床效果。结果干预组的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗4周后,两组患者的UPDRS评分均较治疗前下降(P0.05),而干预组的评分下降较为显著,与对照比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑电治疗能有效改善帕金森病患者的失眠症状,而且能显著缓解帕金森病肌强直症状,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

度洛西汀联合硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察

目的观察度洛西汀联合硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的临床疗效及其安全性。方法将90例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为治疗组(45例)与对照组(45例),两组均给予硫辛酸(600mg)静脉滴注,治疗组同时口服度洛西汀(60mg),观察比较两组患者的临床疗效以及治疗前后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、不良反应情况。结果治疗后,两组患者的疼痛情况均有明显改善,治疗组总有效率为86.7%明显优于对照组的48.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组的视觉模拟评分(VAS)明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论度洛西汀联合硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果理想,且安全性高。     

Production of naringenin from D‐xylose with co‐culture of E. coli and S. cerevisiae

Heterologous production of naringenin, a valuable flavonoid with various biotechnological applications, was well studied in the model organisms such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, a synergistic co‐culture system was developed for the production of naringenin from xylose by engineering microorganism. A long metabolic pathway was reconstructed in the co‐culture system by metabolic engineering. In addition, the critical gene of 4‐coumaroyl‐CoA ligase (4CL) was simultaneously integrated into the yeast genome as well as a multi‐copy free plasmid for increasing enzyme activity. On this basis, some factors related with fermentation process were considered in this study, including fermented medium, inoculation size and the inoculation ratio of two microbes. A yield of 21.16 ± 0.41 mg/L naringenin was produced in this optimized co‐culture system, which was nearly eight fold to that of the mono‐culture of yeast. This is the first time for the biosynthesis of naringenin in the co‐culture system of S. cerevisiae and E. coli from xylose, which lays a foundation for future study on production of flavonoid.     

多粘菌素耐药性的研究进展

多粘菌素因在多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌上的治疗效果良好,再度被应用于临床,其耐药水平在多种抗菌药中曾一度较低,但目前有研究表明多粘菌素的耐药率有增加趋势。作为抗击多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌的最后一道防线,如何抑制其耐药的发生就显得尤为重要。本文就多粘菌素的耐药性现状、产生机制及防控措施三个方面进行了综述,为指导临床科学合理使用多粘菌素及革兰氏阴性菌耐药菌株传播和蔓延的防控措施提供理论依据。     

Resequencing and comparison of whole mitochondrial genome to gain insight into the evolutionary status of the Shennongjia golden snub‐nosed monkey (SNJ R. roxellana)

Shennongjia Rhinopithecus roxellana (SNJ R. roxellana) is the smallest geographical population of R. roxellana. The phylogenetic relationships among its genera and species and the biogeographic processes leading to their current distribution are largely unclear. To address these issues, we resequenced and obtained a new, complete mitochondrial genome of SNJ R. roxellana by next‐generation sequencing and standard Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the gene composition, constructed a phylogenetic tree, inferred the divergence ages based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences, and analyzed the genetic divergence of 13 functional mtDNA genes. The phylogenetic tree and divergence ages showed that R. avunculus (the Tonkin snub‐nosed monkey) was the first to diverge from the Rhinopithecus genus ca. 2.47 million years ago (Ma). Rhinopithecus bieti and Rhinopithecus strykeri formed sister groups, and the second divergence from the Rhinopithecus genus occurred ca. 1.90 Ma. R. roxellana and R. brelichi diverged from the Rhinopithecus genus third, ca. 1.57 Ma. SNJ R. roxellana was the last to diverge within R. roxellana species in 0.08 Ma, and the most recent common ancestor of R. roxellana is 0.10 Ma. The analyses on gene composition showed SNJ R. roxellana was the newest geographic population of R. roxellana. The work will help to develop a more accurate protection policy for SNJ R. roxellana and facilitate further research on selection and adaptation of R. roxellana.     

Biomechanical consequences of subtalar joint arthroereisis in treating posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a theoretical analysis using finite element analysis

Subtalar joint arthroereisis (SJA) has been introduced to control the hyperpronation in cases of flatfoot. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical consequence of SJA to restore the internal stress and load transfer to the intact state from the attenuated biomechanical condition induced by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). A three-dimensional finite element model of the foot and ankle complex was constructed based on clinical images of a healthy female (age 28 years, height 165 cm, body mass 54 kg). The boundary and loading condition during walking was acquired from the gait experiment of the model subject. Five sets of simulations (conditions) were completed: intact condition, mild PTTD, severe PTTD, mild PTTD with SJA, severe PTTD with SJA. The maximum von Mises stress of the metatarsal shafts and the load transfer along the midfoot during stance were analyzed. Generally, SJA deteriorated the joint force of the medial cuneonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints during late stance, while that of the metatarsocuneiform joints during early stance were over-corrected. Only the calcaneocuboid joint force at 45% stance demonstrated a trend of improvement. Besides, SJA exaggerated the increased stress of the metatarsals compared to the PTTD conditions, except that of the first metatarsal. Our study did not support the hypothesis that SJA can restore the internal load transfer and midfoot stress. SJA cannot compensate the salvage of midfoot stability attributed by PTTD and could be biomechanically insufficient to restore the biomechanical environment. Additional procedures such as orthotic intervention may be necessary.     

毛乌素沙地参考作物蒸散量变化特征与成因分析

根据毛乌素沙地典型站点近60年(1955—2014年)逐日气象数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算毛乌素沙地各气象站点参考作物蒸散量(reference crop evapotranspiration,ET_0)及研究区域内整体ET_0。Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和Arc GIS的协同克里格插值法用于分析ET_0时空变化特征,同时,利用敏感性分析方法对ET_0的变化成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)近60年毛乌素沙地ET_0多年平均值为1048.81mm,年际变化呈现缓慢上升趋势。年内变化夏季最高,冬季最低。区域内ET_0空间分布整体呈现自西向东递减趋势。(2)ET_0年变化对风速的敏感程度最大,日照时数和气温次之,相对湿度最小。春、秋两季ET_0变化对日照时数最为敏感;夏、冬两季ET_0变化对相对湿度最为敏感。空间分布上,毛乌素沙地东南部地区为气温敏感系数高值区,西北部地区为相对湿度和日照时数敏感系数高值区,南部为风速敏感系数高值区。(3)通过计算气象因子对ET_0变化的贡献量得出,气温是影响毛乌素沙地ET_0年变化的主导因子。夏季ET_0变化的主导因子是风速;春、秋、冬三季主导因子是气温。空间分布上,毛乌素沙地西南部地区ET_0变化的主导因子为风速,东部地区主导因子为气温。