A new scanilepiform from the Lower Triassic of northern Gansu Province,China, and phylogenetic relationships of non‐teleostean Actinopterygii

A new scanilepiform, Beishanichthys brevicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. , is named and described based on fossils from the Lower Triassic lake deposits exposed in Beishan area, Gansu Province, China. The discovery documents a new record of this group, which is significantly older than other known scanilepiforms from China, and is slightly younger than Evenkia from the Lowest Triassic of Central Siberia. Although the Beishan beds were previously interpreted as Late Permian in age, based on megaplant fossils, this new discovery supports the reinterpretation of the deposits as Early Triassic in age, based on vertebrate fossils from the same locality and horizon. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to resolve the relationships of Scanilepiformes with other actinopterygian clades, and the inter‐relationships within Scanilepiformes. Contrary to previous thought that scanilepiforms are closely related to the Amiidae, the phylogenetic results of this study recognize the Scanilepiformes as stem‐group neopterygians. Relationships of the Scanilepiformes and Australosomus with other neopterygians remain unresolved. With a characteristic long‐based dorsal fin, scanilepiforms represent a small group that emerged in Early Triassic freshwater environments, inhabited Eurasia and North America during the Middle–Late Triassic, briefly invaded the marine environment by the Late Triassic in Europe, and became extinct at the end of Triassic. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161 , 595–612.     

乙酰胆碱对人胃粘膜上皮细胞和胃腺癌细胞 N受体β亚单位的影响

目的:了解乙酰胆碱(ACh)对人胃粘膜上皮细胞和胃腺癌细胞烟碱型胆碱能受体(N受体)β亚单位的影响及两者间的差异.方法:采用免疫组化法检测培养的人胃粘膜上皮细胞和胃腺癌细胞膜上N受体β亚单位的数量、数密度和面密度的变化.结果:胃腺癌细胞N受体β亚单位数量、数密度明显高于而面密度低于胃粘膜上皮细胞(P＜0.05).10-6mol/L ACh使胃粘膜上皮细胞N受体β亚单位的数目、面密度和数密度增加(P＜0.01),该作用未被阿托品阻断.两种浓度的ACh对胃腺癌细胞N受体β亚单位未见显著性影响.结论:低浓度ACh使培养的胃粘膜细胞N受体失敏,但对胃腺癌细胞N受体β亚单位的作用不明显.     

人巨细胞病毒miR-UL22A的重组载体构建以及表达分析

优化构建人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)miR-UL22A的真核表达载体;明确HCMV临床株及实验室株感染过程中miR-UL22A-5p及miR-UL22A-3p的表达情况。扩增HCMV UL22A编码区不同长度(975、494、209及140 bp)的序列,构建表达miR-UL22A的重组p Silencer(p S)载体,转染人胚肾293细胞后提取总RNA;收集HCMV临床株Han株以及实验室株Towne株感染人胚肺成纤维细胞后6、12、24、48和72h以及不同感染时相(即刻早期、早期、晚期)的总RNA标本;应用Taq Man颈环-实时荧光定量PCR技术检测上述标本miR-UL22A-5p及miR-UL22A-3p的表达量。成功构建了包含上述不同长度miR-UL22A编码序列的重组载体;侧翼序列长度各为40 bp左右的pre-miRNA(即插入140 bp的编码序列)表达成熟miRNA的效果最佳;在病毒的一个复制周期内,HCMV临床株和实验室株miR-UL22A的表达趋势无明显差异,均在感染后6h即检测到表达,72 h达到峰值,且在即刻早期即有miRNA的明确表达;无论是在重组载体表达状态下还是自然感染状态下,miR-UL22A-5p始终为miR-UL22A前体优势表达的miRNA。结果表明,有140 bp片段miRUL22A编码序列的重组载体能够高效地异源表达miR-UL22A-5p及miR-UL22A-3p;miR-UL22A-5p始终为miR-UL22A前体优势表达的miRNA。为进一步研究miRNA转录后调控作用提供了参考。     

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

To evaluate the long-term effect of breast conservation with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for early-stage breast cancer, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Full-text Database, and China Journal Full-text Database were searched to identify relevant original published trials. Randomized controlled trials in any language comparing APBI with whole-breast radiotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer were included. RevMan 5 software was used for statistical analysis. Four trials involving 919 patients were included. The rate of 5- and 7-year excellent/good cosmetic results was significant {odds ratio (OR) = 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–3.62]} between two groups. The 5- and 8-year overall survival had no significant difference [OR = 1.76 (95% CI = 0.67–4.62) and OR = 0.86 (95% CI = 0.44–1.66)]. The 10-year overall survival had significant differences [OR = 0.56 (95% CI = 0.35–0.91)]. There were no differences in the 5-year local recurrence (LR)-free survival [OR = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.18–2.34)], cancer-specific survival [OR = 1.67 (95% CI = 0.39–7.12)], disease-free survival [OR = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.38–1.84)], LR [OR = 1.36 (95% CI = 0.46–3.99)], the rate of contralateral breast cancer [OR = 2.82 (95% CI = 0.73–10.89)], and distant metastasis [OR = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.22–2.31)]. APBI significantly improved the rate of excellent/good cosmetic results anywhere in the breast, shortened the treatment time, alleviated the pain, and improved the quality of life. Future large-scale, high-quality, and double-blind trials are needed.     

Shu-szi Sin:A Chinese pioneer biologist,ancient agronomist,and educator

Shu-szi Sin(辛树帜,1894-1977)(Fig.1),a Chinese pioneer biologist and ancient agronomist,initiated the earliest sci-entific biological investigation of the Dayao mountain in both Guangxi and Guangdong provinces,discovering more than 20 new species that have been acknowledged internation-ally.He was one of the founders and initiators of the China Botanical Society and the China Zoological Society.Mr.Sin was also a great educator.Among one of those who first introduced the scientific method into agricultural history research,Mr.Sin helped to set up the National Northwest Agriculture and Forestry College(now Northwest A&F University)and the Lanzhou University.He devoted himself to the development of higher education in Northwest China.