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31.
Robert HS Kraus Anne Zeddeman Pim van Hooft Dmitry Sartakov Sergei A Soloviev Ronald C Ydenberg Herbert HT Prins 《BMC genetics》2011,12(1):1-15
Background
Yami and Ivatan islanders are Austronesian speakers from Orchid Island and the Batanes archipelago that are located between Taiwan and the Philippines. The paternal genealogies of the Yami tribe from 1962 monograph of Wei and Liu were compared with our dataset of non-recombining Y (NRY) chromosomes from the corresponding families. Then mitochondrial DNA polymorphism was also analyzed to determine the matrilineal relationships between Yami, Ivatan, and other East Asian populations.Results
The family relationships inferred from the NRY Phylogeny suggested a low number of paternal founders and agreed with the genealogy of Wei and Liu (P < 0.01). Except for one Y short tandem repeat lineage (Y-STR), seen in two unrelated Yami families, no other Y-STR lineages were shared between villages, whereas mtDNA haplotypes were indiscriminately distributed throughout Orchid Island. The genetic affinity seen between Yami and Taiwanese aborigines or between Ivatan and the Philippine people was closer than that between Yami and Ivatan, suggesting that the Orchid islanders were colonized separately by their nearest neighbors and bred in isolation. However a northward gene flow to Orchid Island from the Philippines was suspected as Yami and Ivatan peoples both speak Western Malayo-Polynesian languages which are not spoken in Taiwan. Actually, only very little gene flow was observed between Yami and Ivatan or between Yami and the Philippines as indicated by the sharing of mtDNA haplogroup B4a1a4 and one O1a1* Y-STR lineage.Conclusions
The NRY and mtDNA genetic information among Yami tribe peoples fitted well the patrilocal society model proposed by Wei and Liu. In this proposal, there were likely few genetic exchanges among Yami and the Philippine people. Trading activities may have contributed to the diffusion of Malayo-Polynesian languages among them. Finally, artifacts dating 4,000 YBP, found on Orchid Island and indicating association with the Out of Taiwan hypothesis might be related to a pioneering stage of settlement, as most dating estimates inferred from DNA variation in our data set ranged between 100-3,000 YBP. 相似文献32.
Transferable EST-SSR markers for the study of polymorphism and genetic diversity in bread wheat 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Gupta PK Rustgi S Sharma S Singh R Kumar N Balyan HS 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2003,270(4):315-323
Nearly 900 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were identified among 15,000 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) belonging to bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The SSRs were defined by their minimum length, which ranged from 14 to 21 bp. The maximum length ranged from 24 to 87 bp depending upon the length of the repeat unit itself (1–7 bp). The average density of SSRs was one SSR per 9.2 kb of EST sequence screened. The trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs detected. As a representative sample, 78 primer pairs were designed, which were also used to screen the dbEST entries for Hordeum vulgare and Triticum tauschii (donor of the D-genome of cultivated wheat) using a cut-off E (expectation) value of 0.01. On the basis of in silico analysis, up to 55.12% of the primer pairs exhibited transferability from Triticum to Hordeum, indicating that the sequences flanking the SSRs are not only conserved within a single genus but also between related genera in Poaceae. Primer pairs for the 78 SSRs were synthesized and used successfully for the study of (1) their transferability to 18 related wild species and five cereal species (barley, oat, rye, rice and maize); and (2) polymorphism between the parents of four mapping populations available with us. A subset of 20 EST-SSR primers was also used to assess genetic diversity in a collection of 52 elite exotic wheat genotypes. This was done with a view to compare their utility relative to other molecular markers (gSSRs, AFLPs, and SAMPL) previously used by us for the same purpose with the same set of 52 bread wheat genotypes. Although only a low level of polymorphism was detected, relative to that observed with genomic SSRs, the study suggested that EST-SSRs can be successfully used for a variety of purposes, and may actually prove superior to SSR markers extracted from genomic libraries for diversity estimation and transferability.Communicated by R. Hagemann 相似文献
33.
Makoto?Okamotookamako@nnet.ne.jp; HS sugisaki@affrc.go.jp" title="MO okamako@nnet.ne.jp; HS sugisaki@affrc.go.jp" itemprop="email" data-track="click" data-track-action="Email author" data-track-label="">Email author Hiroya?Sugisaki Hitoshi?Ida 《Ichthyological Research》2004,51(4):301-308
The early life history and development of the scopelarchid Benthalbella linguidens was studied, based on 203 specimens (from 5.3 to 89.7mm in body length: BL) collected from Kuroshio, Oyashio waters and transition waters of the western North Pacific. The early life stages of B. linguidens are distinguished from those of other species of Benthalbella that inhabit the North Pacific by the characters of 62–64 myomeres in the larval stage and 26–28 anal fin rays in juvenile and transforming specimen. Larvae are elongate; notochord flexion begins at ca. 12mm BL and is completed at ca. 15mm BL. The fin ray complements are established at ca. 40mm BL. The single transforming specimen (89.7mm BL) that has peritoneal pigment was collected from transition waters. All larvae were collected from Kuroshio and transition waters from winter to early summer; however, the size of larvae in Kuroshio waters was apparently smaller than that in transition waters, with ranges of 5.3–32.4mm BL (mean 17.1) and 15.3–35.3mm BL (mean 27.5), respectively. Juveniles were distributed in transition and Oyashio waters and were absent in Kuroshio waters, where adults are commonly distributed. These occurrences of larvae and juveniles in the western North Pacific indicate that B. linguidens spawns in Kuroshio waters in winter and uses transition waters as nursery grounds. 相似文献
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35.
Vandana Jaiswal Vijay Gahlaut Saloni Mathur Priyanka Agarwal Manoj Kumar Khandelwal Jitendra Paul Khurana Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi Harindra Singh Balyan Pushpendra Kumar Gupta 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
TaGW2 is an orthologue of rice gene OsGW2, which encodes E3 RING ubiquitin ligase and controls the grain size in rice. In wheat, three copies of TaGW2 have been identified and mapped on wheat homoeologous group 6 viz. TaGW2-6A, TaGW2-6B and TaGW2-6D. In the present study, using as many as 207 Indian wheat genotypes, we identified four SNPs including two novel SNPs (SNP-988 and SNP-494) in the promoter sequence of TaGW2-6A. All the four SNPs were G/A or A/G substitutions (transitions). Out of the four SNPs, SNP-494 was causal, since it was found associated with grain weight. The mean TGW (41.1 g) of genotypes with the allele SNP-494_A was significantly higher than mean TGW (38.6 g) of genotypes with the allele SNP-494_G. SNP-494 also regulates the expression of TaGW2-6A so that the wheat genotypes with SNP-494_G have higher expression and lower TGW and the genotypes with SNP-494_A have lower expression but higher TGW. Besides, SNP-494 was also found associated with grain length-width ratio, awn length, spike length, grain protein content, peduncle length and plant height. This suggested that gene TaGW2-6A not only controls grain size, but also controls other agronomic traits. In the promoter region, SNP-494 was present in ‘CGCG’ motif that plays an important role in Ca2+/calmodulin mediated regulation of genes. A user-friendly CAPS marker was also developed to identify the desirable allele of causal SNP (SNP-494) for use in marker-assisted selection for improvement of grain weight in wheat. Using four SNPs, five haplotypes were identified; of these, Hap_5 (G_A_G_A) was found to be a desirable haplotype having significantly higher grain weight (41.13g) relative to other four haplotypes (36.33-39.16 g). 相似文献
36.
F Özdal-Kurt I Tuğlu HS Vatansever S Tong BH Şen SI Deliloğlu-Gürhan 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2016,91(6):412-422
We investigated the effects of different implant biomaterials on cultured canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) undergoing differentiation into osteoblasts (dBMSC). BMSC were isolated from canine humerus by marrow aspiration, cultured and differentiated on calcium phosphate scaffold (CPS), hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite in gel form and titanium mesh. We used the MTT method to determine the effects of osteogenic media on proliferation. The characteristics of dBMSC were assessed using alizarin red (AR), immunocytochemistry and osteoblastic markers including alkaline phosphatase/von Kossa (ALP/VK), osteocalcin (OC) and osteonectin (ON), and ELISA. The morphology of dBMSC on the biomaterials was investigated using inverted phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We detected expression of ALP/VK, AR, OC and ON by day 7 of culture; expression increased from day 14 until day 21. CPS supported the best adhesion, cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. The effects of the biomaterials depended on their surface properties. Expression of osteoblastic markers showed that canine dBMSCs became functional osteoblasts. Tissue engineered stem cells can be useful clinically for autologous implants for treating bone wounds. 相似文献
37.
A microsatellite marker associated with a QTL for grain protein content on chromosome arm 2DL of bread wheat 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
M. Prasad R. K. Varshney A. Kumar H. S. Balyan P. C. Sharma K. J. Edwards H-Singh H. S. Dhaliwal J. K. Roy P. K. Gupta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):341-345
This study was undertaken with a view to tag gene(s) controlling grain protein content (GPC) using molecular markers in bread
wheat. For this purpose, the genotype PH132 with high protein content (13.5%) was crossed with genotype WL711 with significantly
lower protein content (9.7%), and 100 RILs were derived. These RILs showed normal distribution for protein content. The parental
genotypes were analysed with 232 STMS primer pairs for detection of polymorphism. Of these, 167 primer pairs gave scorable
amplification products, and 57 detected polymorphism between the parents. Using each of these 57 primer pairs, we carried
out bulked segregant analysis on RILs representing the two extremes of the distribution. One primer pair for the locus wmc41 showed association with protein content. This was further confirmed through selective genotyping. The co-segregation data
on the molecular marker (wmc41) and protein content on 100 RILs was analysed by means of a single-marker linear regression approach. Significant regression
suggested linkage between wmc41 and a QTL (designated as QGpc.ccsu-2D.) for protein content. The results showed that this marker-linked QTL accounted for 18.73% of the variation for protein content
between the parents. The marker has been located on chromosome arm 2DL using nulli-tetrasomic lines and two ditelocentric
stocks for chromosome 2D.
Received: 25 August 1998 / Accepted: 5 January 1999 相似文献
38.
Rajeev K. Varshney Alok Kumar Harindra S. Balyan Joy K. Roy Manoj Prasad Pushpendra K. Gupta 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2000,18(1):5-16
Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have become the markers of choice for genetic studies with many crop species
including wheat. Currently an international effort is underway to enrich the repertoire of available sequence tagged microsatellite
site (STMS) markers in wheat. As a part of this effort, we have sequenced 43 clones obtained from a microsatellite-enriched
wheat genomic library; 34 clones contained 41 different microsatellites. These microsatellites (mono-, di-, tri- nucleotide
repeats) were classified as 19 simple perfect, 18 simple imperfect and 4 compound imperfect types. Dinucleotide repeats were
the most abundant (70%). Primer pairs for only 16 microsatellites could be designed, since the flanking sequences of the others
were either too short or were otherwise not suitable for designing the microsatellite specific primers. Microsatellite loci
of the expected size and polymorphism were successfully amplified from 15 of these 16 primer pairs using three wheat varieties.
14 loci detected by 12 out of the 15 functional primer pairs were assigned to 11 specific chromosomes.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
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40.
Bansal Chandni Balyan Sonia Mathur Saloni 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2021,30(4):862-877
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Under natural environmental conditions, plants are prone to be challenged simultaneously by combination of stresses like heat and drought stress... 相似文献