Recent advances in plant cell cultures in bioreactors

Two key issues in the application of plant-cell-culture technology to the production of valuable secondary metabolites are reviewed: the selection of cell lines with suitable genetic, biochemical and physiological characteristics; and the optimization of bioreactor environments. Although great progress has been made in recent years in the design, selection and optimization of bioreactor hardware, optimization of environmental factors such as medium components, light irradiation and O₂ supply needs detailed investigations for each case. With a better understanding of plant cell metabolism and physiology, further developments in cultivation processes, such as process integration and on-line monitoring and control, can be expected in the near future.J.-J. Zhong and J.-T. Yu are with the Research Institute of Biochemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China T. Yoshida is with the International Center of Cooperative Research in Biotechnology (ICBiotech), Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.     

湖北斧头湖湖滨湿地植物的联结与相关分析

利用２×２列联表法结合Ｘ２检验对湖北武昌斧头湖湖滨湿地植物进行了联结分析,计算了种间的相关系数并检验了种间相关显著性。结果表明这些种组构成了一个连续体。文中还讨论了各种组的生态意义。     

长江三峡库区植被及环境考察报告-库区主要森林树种

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中国蚜科新纪录,3

在调查云南森林昆虫中发现下述种类为我国首次纪录。 埃二尾蚜Cavariella aegopodii(scopoli,1763),中国新纪录。采自云南丽江(黑龙潭,1980.V.25),各型孤雌蚜。寄主为茴香,取食于嫩叶反面,叶向反面微卷。活体绿色,有翅孤雌蚜腹部背面有斑纹,有翅若蚜背面有翠绿色斑。国外分布于日本,欧洲,非洲,澳洲和美洲。 康二尾蚜Cavariella konoi Takahashi,1939,中国新纪录。采自云南剑川(老君山,3100m,1980     

红铃虫性诱剂开口纤维剂型及其在棉田中的竞争引诱作用

Hummel等1973年鉴定了红铃虫的性外激素是顺,顺-和顺,反-7,11-十六碳二烯-1-醇醋酸酯的复合物,并命名为“红铃虫性诱剂”(简称“Gossyplure”)。Biel等1974年用触角电图和大田诱捕试验,证明当两种异构体的配比为1∶1时效果最好。为延长性诱剂在大田中的有效期,研究工作者曾设计了多种释放器和可控缓释剂型。Shorey等1976年用铝圆筒包上尼龙纱作为释放器,红铃虫性诱剂的释放量为每晚5毫克/公顷,全年用量为9克/公顷。Gaston等1977年用内径0.22毫米、外径0.45毫米、长104毫米,一端开口一端封闭的塑料空心纤维,绕成直径22毫米的环作释放器,每次用量6.6克/公顷,全年用33克/公顷。Boncss等1977和1978年用聚乙烯盖作释放器,每次用量5克/公顷,胶囊剂     

中国蚜科新纪录,4

在调查云南森林昆虫中发现下述种类为我国首次纪录。 大尾小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella grandicauda Takahashi et Kuwana, 1963,中国新纪录。采自云南丽江(林科所1980.V.23),各型孤雌蚜。寄主为艾蒿,盖满3—4寸嫩梢。活体叶绿色,体稍扁。不易从植物上坠落。国外分布于朝鲜、日本和印度。     

北塘河口浮游动物生态的初步研究

北塘河口位于天津新港东北15公里处。是典型的潮汐河口。氯度变化于3.5—19.1克/升之间,按照Redeke的方法分类,属于中盐水至海水范围。 本次调查共获浮游动物54种。分为4个生态类群:即淡水种、海水种、河口种和近岸低盐种。其中以河口种和近岸低盐种为主体类群。 自Ⅰ一Ⅵ站,随着盐分的降低,浮游动物的种类从33种降至19种。浮游动物的数量自Ⅰ—Ⅳ站逐渐降低,而Ⅴ、Ⅵ站又突然增加。这是因为不同种群对盐分适应能力的差异所致。Acartia pacifica是Ⅰ—Ⅳ站的优势种类,Schmarkeria poplesia是Ⅴ、Ⅵ站的优势种类。 本文讨论了Ⅳ站浮游动物数量减少与盐分和污染的关系。并提出Schmarkeria poplesia和Centropages sinensis可作为河口的指示种。     

大熊猫臼齿釉质的超微结构和氨基酸组成

大熊猫臼齿釉质的超微结构特征主要是施氏明暗带的宽度一般由8—15条釉柱组成;釉柱的横切面一般呈六角形或四角形,由里向外,釉柱的直径逐渐增大。在靠近釉牙本质界处,釉柱数量逐渐减少,有时甚至完全缺失,形成无釉柱结构的釉质。大熊猫臼齿釉质的氨基酸组成主要以甘氨酸,丙氨酸,谷氨酸,天冬氨酸和亮氨酸的含量为最高,而蛋氨酸,胱氨酸和酪氨酸的含量为最低。另外,还含有少量的羟脯氨酸。这种组成模式一般与人类和其它哺乳动物牙齿釉质的氨基酸组成相类似。     

In vitro stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in immature embryonic chick pelvic cartilage by adenosine

Cyclic AMP content in embryonic chick pelvic cartilage increases significantly as the embryo ages from 8 to 10 d. This in ovo elevation in cyclic AMP content precedes maximal cartilage alkaline phosphatase activity by some 24 h. We studied whether this temporal relationship may be causally related, using an in vitro organ culture. Incubation of pelvic cartilage from 9- and 10-d embryos in medium containing monobutyryl cyclic AMP (BtcAMP) resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity (220 and 66 percent, respectively) as compared to that of cartilages incubated in medium alone. This stimulation was both concentration- and time-dependent with maximal response at 0.5 mM BtcAMP and 4-h incubation, respectively. Similar incubations of cartilage in medium containing 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX), 0.25 mM, also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity (114 percent). However, pelvic cartilage from 11-d embryos incubated in medium containing BtcAMP or MIX showed no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. We postulated that developmental age was the factor responsible for this difference in response and that immature cartilage (that with little or no alkaline phosphatase activity) would respond to BtcAMP whereas mature cartilage (that with significant alkaline phosphatase activity) would not. This was tested by incubating end sections of 11-d cartilage, which have little alkaline phosphatase activity, and center sections, which have significantly alkaline phosphatase activity, with both BtcAMP and MIX. Alkaline phosphatase activity in end sections (immature cartilage) was stimulated by BtcAMP and MIX, whereas it was not stimulated in the center sections. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited BtcAMP and MIX stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, the in vitro data suggest that cyclic AMP is a mediator for the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in embryonic cartilage.