论植物园的活植物收集

对植物园活植物收集评价、引种中的取样方法和迁地保护种群大小等问题进行了论述.对活植物收集的评价包括科学性和代表性,最具有科学意义的是经过调查从野外收集的有完整记录的材料,其次是从植物园等机构 引种的有记录的材料,再次是从各地引种的基本上无记录的材料.根据收集物的代表性可分为具有保护意义的收集和保护性收集.取样技术主要针对保护性收集而言,要求收集样本能涵盖该物种95%以上、频率大于5%的等位基因.活植物收集种群的大小应从科学性和现实性二方面来考虑,对植物园里大量的具有保护意义的收集,其种群大小为乔木10～20株,灌木40～50株,草本100～200株;对于保护性收集则至少为乔木50～100株,灌木200株或更多,草本300～500株以上.另外,对当前植物园活植物收集圃建设的一些重要问题也进行了探讨.     

KATP通道基因在大鼠组织中的表达

为检测大鼠肺动脉平滑肌及支气管平滑肌中KATP．通道亚基的表达情况,应用RT-PCR技术．从原代培养的Wistar大鼠肺动脉平滑肌及支气管平滑肌细胞第3—5代提取总RNA,逆转录．并进行PCR扩增鉴定．发现肺动脉平滑肌细胞有Kir6.1、SUR1和SUR2B的表达,其中SUR1表达量较弱,支气管平滑肌细胞有Kir6.1和SUR2B的表达。     

水稻品种茎集散度分析及评价记载标准探讨

对578份广东省育成品种(系)和470份台湾品种(系)的茎集散度进行了分析,广东育成品种的茎集散度分布为3°～23°,96.37%集中分布在5°～17°;台湾品种茎集散度分布为3°～17°,97.02%集中分布在4°～12°.广东育成的代表性品种茎集散度为7°～16°.提出水稻理想株型最适茎集散度的计算公式:α=arcsin D/2H.建议籼稻栽培稻茎集散度的评价记载标准分为集、中、散3个等级:茎集散度≤5°为集;茎集散度6°～15°为中;茎集散度＞15°为散.     

甘蔗杂种的染色体和RAPD鉴定研究

采用体细胞染色体计数和RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) 分子标记的方法鉴定甘蔗与蔗茅属间杂交种F1的真实性.结果表明,杂种F1材料01/47、01/85、01/120的2n＝80～82,染色体遗传方式为n 2n.用110个随机引物进行RAPD扩增,63个引物可获得双亲的RAPD多态性,其中3个引物OPC-19、OPE-2、OPF-4可在杂种F1材料01/64和01/120的RAPD扩增标记中显示出双亲的特征谱带,分别为父本3500bp和母本1300bp、父本1350bp和母本900bp、父本550bp和母本900bp.     

Improved Cardiac Contractility of Human Recombinant Growth Hormone on the Congestive Heart Failure of Pig

1Introduction Congestiveheartfailureisamultipleaetiology,high prevalence,cardiovasculardisorderwithpoorprognosis. Medicaltreatmentofdilatedcardiomyopathyisaimedat alleviatingthesymptomsofheartfailure.Diuretics,ACE inhibitorsandbeta blockershavefavourableeffectson symptoms,exercisecapacityandmortality[1-3].Growth hormone(GH)andinsulin likegrowthfactor(IGF) 1 areinvolvedinseveralphysiologicalprocessessuchas thecontrolofmusclemassandfunction,bodycomposi tionandtheregulationofnutrientmetaboli…     

M-PCR： a powerful method for rapid molecular identification of Trichogramma wasps （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

Two species-specific primers were designed depending on ITS2 sequence variation of 37 Trichogramma wasps, and these primers were applied to establish an assay,multiplex PCR (M-PCR), for molecular diagnosis of two important Trichogramma wasps,T. confusum and T. dendrolimi, in China. Multiplex-PCR results showed that only target species produced two PCR products, one product of ITS2 region species-specific amplification and one product of its ITS 1 region universal amplification, but other species produced only one ITS1 universal PCR product. Using this method, the target Trichogramma species can be distinguished from other Trichogramma species. Molecular identification based on M-PCR has particular value over morphological technology and other approaches, such as normal molecular and biochemical methods. Furthermore, because M-PCR assay can avoid false negative results, which frequently happen in PCR reaction, this method will be much more accurate and useful for Trichogramma identification, and can be developed as an easy and rapid diagnostic kit applied in the identification and quality monitoring of Trichogramma mass products both in the factory and in the field. Such an easy and rapid diagnostic kit will be valuable in the application of Trichogramma species as a biological control.     

Two New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Spiraea japonica L. f. var.fortunei （Planchon） Rehd.

Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine V/VI (6),were isolated from Spiraea japonica L. f. var.fortunei (Planchon) Rehd. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data.     

Variations in the Volatile Organic Compound Emission Potential of Plant Functional Groups in the Temperate Grassland Vegetation of Inner Mongolia, China

The biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by the vegetation of a terrestrial ecosystem play a key role in both regional air quality and tropospheric chemistry. To describe the general emission properties of VOC of different plant functional groups (PFG) in a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China, we randomly selected 175 plant species and measured the quantities of isoprene and monoterpene in situ. Results showed that most plants had low VOC emission potential at the species level,especially for some dominant plants, such as Leymus chinensis Tzvel., Stipa grandis Smirn., and Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. At the PFG level, the lowest VOC emission potential was found for perennial rhizome grasses, a major PFG in a typical temperate grassland ecosystem. The effects of overgrazing and subsequent vegetation succession on the emission of VOC by different plant life form functional groups (PLFG)were also discussed.     

Mapping of a Wheat Resistance Gene to Yellow Mosaic Disease by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yellow mosaic virus （WYMV） is transmitted by a fungal vector through soil and causes serious wheat yield losses due to yellow mosaic disease, with yellow-streaked leaves and stunted plants. In the present study, the amplified fragment length polymorphisms （AFLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR） were used to identify the molecular linkages with the resistance gene against WYMV. Bulked segregant analysis was performed with an F2 population derived from the cross of cultivar Ningmai 9 （resistant） × cultivar Yangmai 10 （susceptible）. By screening among the resistant or susceptible parents, the F2 pools and the individuals in the F2 population with 64 combined selective AFLP primers （EcoRI/MseI） or 290 reported SSR primers, a polymorphic DNA segment （approximately 120 bp） was amplified using the primer pair E2/M5, and an SSR marker （approximately 180 bp） was located on wheat chromosome 2A using the primer Xgwm328. Analysis with MAPMAKER/Exp Version 3.0b （Whitehead institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA） indicated that these two markers were dominantly associated with the resistance gene at distances of 5.4 cM or 17.6 cM, respectively. The resistance gene to WYMV derived from Ningmai 9, is temporarily named YmNM, and was mapped to wheat chromosome 2A.     

填充床反应器中酶法连续合成甘油二酯的研究

近年来,1,3-甘油二酯(DAG)由于其广泛用途及健康作用日益受到人们的重视。报道了一种无溶剂条件下填充床反应器中连续酶促合成1,3-DAG的方法。研究了填充柱的长径比、进料体积流速、温度、底物摩尔比对酯化率和1,3-DAG产量的影响。结果表明固定化酶填充柱长径比7.8,亚油酸、甘油摩尔比1∶2 ,进料速度1.2mL/min ,65℃条件下酯化反应可实现脂肪酸酯化率、1,3-DAG纯度及生产效率的统一。填充床反应器中固定化酶连续催化酯化反应的一个主要问题即体系水分清除困难。实验研究了采用过量甘油吸附脱水的可行性,亚油酸、甘油摩尔比为1∶2时,可明显改善固定化酶的稳定性,增加LipozymeRMIM的使用寿命。连续运行10d ,残余酶活仍保持在80 %以上,而对照组则仅为52%。