西双版纳季节雨林更新的研究

 根据定位试验研究和组成森林树种的生态习性,对季节雨林的更新进行了研究。结果表明雨林种子年产量高。残落物中、下层至表土2—4cm处是种子,特别优势种种子的贮存库。一年中,种子萌发,幼苗生长是雨季>雾季>干季,死亡则是干季>雨季>雾季。1—2龄苗易死,多龄苗不易死,雨季腐烂,干季干旱缺水致死,雾季叶锈病是致死的主因。年复一年的种子萌发、幼苗生长、抑制、死亡、残存、补充是该雨林更新的特征。如果除去残落物层或羽蕨层,保羽蕨层翻土,除蕨层、残落物层翻土可促进种子萌发,幼苗生长,减少死亡,由此可反映出蕨层,残落物层,表土层是影响森林更新的主要生态因子。借助乔木死亡形成林窗而繁衍的种和无须林窗繁衍的种,其幼苗经干旱后残存,可发育成顶极种及先锋种的更新苗和小树,其中顶极种更新苗在更新中起主要作用,是本雨林与典型雨林共有的特点。根据优势顶极种的更新苗和小树罕见,而常见顶极种的更新苗和小树相对地多来看,当优势顶极种消亡后,整个森林或森林片段将被那些相对多度小的常见顶极种替换,从而形成循环镶嵌更新。     

地衣芽孢杆菌9945a转运蛋白YdgF1的功能鉴定

【目的】本研究对地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis) 9945a菌株中ydgF1基因编码的转运蛋白进行功能鉴定。【方法】分别构建ydgF1基因过表达株9945a/pHY300-Shu-ydgF1和敲除株9945aΔydgF1,设计了以D-丙氨酸为唯一氮源的磷酸盐D-丙氨酸(phosphate D-alanine, PDA)培养基来考察菌株的生长能力,并进行细胞吸收实验。利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)评价菌株9945a与9945aΔydgF1在LB培养基中不同生长时期ydgF1的相对表达量,然后对9945a与9945aΔydgF1后期的培养基平板活菌计数,计算菌落形成单位(colony-forming units, CFU)。【结果】在PDA培养基中,9945aΔydgF1的比生长速率始终低于9945a,而9945a/pHY300-Shu-ydgF1最大比生长速率为0.336h–1,是9945a/pHY300-Shu的1.98倍,并且培养15 h后9945...     

小钩丝壳属的一个新变种

本文报道寄生于金缕梅科(Hamamelidaceae)山枫香(Liquidambar formosana Hance)上小钩丝壳属的一个新变种枫香小钩丝壳贵阳变种[Uncinuliella liquidambaris(Zheng &Chen)Zheng,Chen & Z.X.Chen var.guiyangensis Wu & Wu]。     

生物转化产d-伪麻黄碱菌株的筛选及其关键酶基因的验证

利用GenBank和UniProt数据库比对MorganellamorganiiJ-8羰基还原酶基因和氨基酸序列,以同源性为依据,结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测验证,筛选出5株同样具有转化1-苯基-2-甲氨基丙酮（MAK）产d-伪麻黄碱功能的菌株。选取其中1株BacillusclauseB0658,对其d-伪麻黄碱的生物转化过程进行考察,发现在最优条件下d-伪麻黄碱产量达到128．3mg／L。进一步对B．clauseB0658的亮氨酸脱氢酶基因bcdh进行扩增,以pET28a（＋）为载体构建重组质粒并在EscherichiacoliBL21（DE3）中实现表达,通过重纽菌的生物转化实验验证该酶的催化功能。     

Engineering of the glycerol decomposition pathway and cofactor regulation in an industrial yeast improves ethanol production

Glycerol is a major by-product of industrial ethanol production and its formation consumes up to 4 % of the sugar substrate. This study modified the glycerol decomposition pathway of an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to optimize the consumption of substrate and yield of ethanol. This study is the first to couple glycerol degradation with ethanol formation, to the best of our knowledge. The recombinant strain overexpressing GCY1 and DAK1, encoding glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase, respectively, in glycerol degradation pathway, exhibited a moderate increase in ethanol yield (2.9 %) and decrease in glycerol yield (24.9 %) compared to the wild type with the initial glucose concentration of 15 % under anaerobic conditions. However, when the mhpF gene, encoding acetylating NAD⁺-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli, was co-expressed in the aforementioned recombinant strain, a further increase in ethanol yield by 5.5 % and decrease in glycerol yield by 48 % were observed for the resultant recombinant strain GDMS1 when acetic acid was added into the medium prior to inoculation compared to the wild type. The process outlined in this study which enhances glycerol consumption and cofactor regulation in an industrial yeast is a promising metabolic engineering strategy to increase ethanol production by reducing the formation of glycerol.     

优化Bacillus subtilis对异源β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶分泌表达的研究

[目的] 基于信号肽和信号肽酶在分泌系统中的重要作用,探索短小芽孢杆菌来源中性β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶在Bacillus subtilis中的重组分泌表达与优化。[方法] 首先,从短小芽孢杆菌基因组DNA中扩增β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶全长基因,连接到pWB980载体P₄₃启动子下游,转化B.subtilis WB800构建重组菌NZ-X。之后,构建信号肽筛选载体,对23个从B.subtilis 168基因组DNA中扩增得到的信号肽进行筛选。最后,以B.subtilis WB800的xynA基因为整合位点,分别整合过表达SipS和SipT两个主要信号肽酶,考察其对融合不同信号肽异源蛋白分泌的影响。[结果] 重组菌NZ-X成功实现β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶的分泌表达,摇瓶发酵上清液酶活为5.33 U/mL,信号肽筛选结果发现YlaE、YfhK、EglS、YqxI、YpjP信号肽与β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶契合度较高,对应酶活依次为7.15、6.69、6.36、6.32、6.18 U/mL,其中SipS信号肽酶对融合YfhK信号肽的β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶的分泌促进作用最大,摇瓶发酵上清液酶活提高到10.64 U/mL,为NZ-X的1.99倍。[结论] 信号肽优化与信号肽酶过表达联用可有效提高B.subtilis中异源蛋白的分泌表达量。     

A rapid PCR-based approach for molecular identification of filamentous fungi

In this study, a novel rapid and efficient DNA extraction method based on alkaline lysis, which can deal with a large number of filamentous fungal isolates in the same batch, was established. The filamentous fungal genomic DNA required only 20 min to prepare and can be directly used as a template for PCR amplification. The amplified internal transcribed spacer regions were easy to identify by analysis. The extracted DNA also can be used to amplify other protein-coding genes for fungal identification. This method can be used for rapid systematic identification of filamentous fungal isolates     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻的疗效

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者的疗效,为该病的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年5月至2019年5月在本院接受治疗的90例结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其治疗方案并分为对照组(48例,接受常规治疗)和研究组(42例,接受双歧三联活菌胶囊联合常规治疗)。两组患者持续治疗1周后对比其治疗效果,肠黏膜屏障功能指标[二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D乳酸(DLA)、内毒素(Endotoxin)],营养相关指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、前白蛋白(PA)]水平和药物相关不良反应发生情况的差异。结果治疗1周后,研究组患者治疗总有效率(100.00%)大于对照组(89.58%)患者,同时其疗效分级差异也有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组患者血清中DAO、DLA、Endotoxin的水平低于对照组,而Hb、ALB、TRF、PA的水平高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生明显药物相关不良反应。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗可有效增加结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻的治疗效果,安全性良好。     

Serial Non-Invasive Assessment of Antibody Induced Nephritis in Mice Using Positron Emission Tomography

Mouse models of experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) nephritis provide an analytical tool for studying spontaneous lupus nephritis. The potential of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) as a probe to monitor the progression of anti-GBM induced nephritis in a mouse model. The imaging results were compared to conventional measures of renal function and pathological changes. Serum and urinary vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were used as measures of endothelial cell activation and inflammation. Following a challenge with anti-glomerular antibodies, mice exhibited peak changes in serum creatinine, proteinuria, and glomerulonephritis score at 14 days post-challenge (p.c.). In contrast, VCAM levels peaked at day 7 p.c. On dynamic PET images (0–60 min) of day 7, kidneys of the anti-GBM nephritis mice demonstrated a unique pattern of FDG uptake. Compared to the time activity curve (TAC) prior to challenge, a rightward shift was observed after the challenge. By day 10 p.c., kidney FDG uptake was lower than baseline and remained so until the study ended at 21 days p.c. During this time frame measures of renal dysfunction remained high but VCAM-1 levels declined. These changes were accompanied by an increase in kidney volume as measured by Computed Tomography (CT) and intra-abdominal fluid collection. Our results suggest that FDG-PET-CT can be used as a non-invasive imaging tool to longitudinally monitor the progression of renal disease activity in antibody mediated nephritis and the magnitude of renal FDG retention correlates better with early markers of renal inflammation than renal dysfunction.