Antithrombin III binds to human platelets

The receptor site for antithrombin III (AT III) was investigated in normal human platelets. [¹²⁵I] iodinated AT III was utilized as tracer for the binding assay. Equilibrium of AT III binding was reached within 2 min. The binding capacity was pH-dependent with the optimum around pH 7.0. Binding specificity was demonstrated by inhibition of [¹²⁵I] AT III ligation using an excess amount of non-labeled AT III. The AT III·heparin complex did not supress [¹²⁵I] AT III binding. Analysis of binding data by Scatchard plot revealed a single class of binding sites with K_d of 3.2 × 10^?7 M and binding capacity of 3840 per platelet.     

Particulate guanylate cyclase of skeletal muscle: effects of Ca2+ and other divalent cations on enzyme activity.

The properties of particulate guanylate cyclase (GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2) from purified rabbit skeletal muscle membrane fragments were studied. Four membrane fractions were prepared by sucrose gradient centrifugation and the fractions characterized by analysis of marker enzymes. Guanylate cyclase activity was highest in the fraction possessing enzymatic properties typical of sarcolemma, while fractions enriched with sarcoplasmic reticulum had lower activities. In the presence of suboptimal Mn2+ concentrations, Mg2+ stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity both before and after solubilization in 1% Triton X-100. Guanylate cyclase activity was biphasic in the presence of Ca2+. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M decreased the specific activity. As the Ca2+ concentration was further increased to 5 . 10(-4) M enzyme activity again increased. After solubilization of the membranes in 1% Triton X-100, Ca2+ suppressed enzyme activity. Studies utilizing ionophore X537A indicated that the altered effect of Ca2+ upon the solubilized membranes was independent of asymmetric distribution of Ca2+ and Mg2+.     

Behavioural displays to gustatory stimuli in newborn rabbit pups

Motor displays in the face and head regions of 33 neonate rabbits(less than 24 hrs post partum) in response to taste stimulationwere examined. A droplet of taste solution was placed mediallyon the pup's lips and the ensuing behavioral repertoire wastallied over a 60 sec period in a double blind situation. Tastantsincluded 2 concentrations each of sucrose, saccharin, citricacid and quinine. Distilled water was used as a stimulant andfor intertrial rinses. Response characteristics to the varioustaste stimuli were differentiable, specific and reproduciblewithin and across animals. Certain response features were moreoften associated with one stimulus than with another. Quinineoften produced mouth opening (gaping) and head movements, whereassucrose was associated with a quiet animal licking and makingcharacteristic mouth movements. Sour reactions often resembledthose to sweet, but other features helped distinguish thoseresponses. Reactions proved to be concentration-dependent anddifferent from those to water. Quality and hedonic value wereusually accurately judged and corresponded to adult preferencebehaviors. It was inferred that rabbits at this early age arealready equipped with a functioning taste system up to the brainstemlevel. Cross-species comparisons of stereotyped reactions werediscussed.     

Laser Doppler spectroscopy as applied to electrophoresis in protein solutions

The application of Laser Doppler spectroscopy (LDS) to the electrophoretic migration of macromolecules in solution by heterodyne light beating technique, previously developed by Ware and Flygare, has been improved by the design of a new microelectrophoresis cell and a high resolution in the frequency power spectrum. A 1024-channel correlator was used in combination with a software-controlled Fast Fourier transformation (FFT).This technique has been applied to single protein solution, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and to multicomponent systems, in particular to human blood serum. In comparison to normal free electrophoresis, LDS is more convenient and reveals more information in a much shorter period of time.     

Effects of methyldopa on prolactin and growth hormone.

The effects of administration of methyldopa on serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in hypertensive patients were studied. Single doses of methyldopa (750 or 1000 mg) significantly increased serum prolactin levels, peak concentrations occurring four to six hours after drug administrations. Long-term methyldopa treatment was associated with threefold to fourfold increases in basal prolactin levels compared with those in normal subjects. In patients treated with methyldopa for two to three weeks the GH response to insulin hypoglycaemia was significantly greater than in normal subjects and untreated hypertensive patients. In contrast, patients treated for prolonged periods (mean 13-4 months) had a GH reponse indistinguishable from normal.     

Low molecular weight immunoglobulins in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles.

Rana catesbeiana tadpoles formed high and low m.w. antibodies in response to immunization with a bacteriophage. Although the neutralizing activity associated with the low m.w. immunoglobulins was relatively weak, the existence of antibodies in this class was clearly demonstrated by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Moreover, two antigenically distinct variants of the low m.w. antibodies were detected. These were serologically indistinguishable from the two types of low m.w. immunoglobulin previously isolated from the serum of adult frogs of this species.     

Magnesium binding in the digesta of the chicken.

Two experiments involving laying hens and mature roosters were carried out to determine the effect of pH on the ultrafilterable fraction of Mg((Mg)u) present in the digesta along the gastrointestinal tract. Concurrently, the approximate molecular weight of the (Mg)u was determined. The average pH's for laying hens were: crop 4.88, proventriculus 5.27, ventriculus 4.77, duodenum 5.57, jejunum 6.15, ileum 7.82, and colon 6.65. Similar pH values were obtained for mature roosters. The (Mg)u fraction decreased significantly in the ileum where the pH was greater than 7.00. However, treating the ileal digesta with an acid pH buffer released about 70% of the nonfilterable Mg. The molecular weight of the (Mg)u was found to be less than 700, suggesting that the Mg was present in digesta as an inorganic salt or as an organic complex of low molecular weight.     

Deficiency of toxin-binding protein activity in mutants of sugarcane clone H54-775 as it relates to disease resistance

Three mutants selected from a population of sugarcane clone H54-775 that had been irradiated with 3 kR gamma-radiation all lacked toxin-binding protein activity. This activity previously had been shown to be essential for eye spot disease susceptibility and was demonstrated in the susceptible parent clone H54-775. In one mutant, the biochemical, immunochemical, and electrophoretic mobilities of the toxin-binding protein were all modified.     

Quantitative infrared spectroscopy of lipids in solution: II. Novel polar solvent systems.

In the second part of this series, previous solvent limitations in infrared studies are discussed and novel polar solvent systems for the analysis of nonpolar and polar lipids described. Limitation of potassium bromide windows for infrared cells are discussed. The use of calcium fluoride cells with crude lipids is discussed. Problems related to hydrogen bonding of lipid solutes in various solvent systems are discussed as well as hydrogen-deuterium exchange in biologically important lipids.