中国高山ping亚属（Subgerus Alticola）的系统类与分布

高山ｐｉｎｇ亚属广布于中亚山地，即从喜马拉雅山、兴都库库会经帕米尔、天山、西茂而至图瓦、抗爱山和贝加尔湖一带。中国过去仅记录２种：银色高山ｐｉｎｇ（Ａｌｔｉｃｏｌａ ａｒｇｅｎｔａｔｃｓ Ｓｅｖｅｒｔｓｏｖ；有时定作劳氏高山ｐｉｎｇＡ．ｒｏｙｌｅｉ的一亚种）和斯氏高山ｐｉｎｇ。本文依据形态学资料和采用判别函数分析的方法，对该亚属进行了研究。我们认为中国高山ｐｉｎｇ至少有３个以上的物种存在，现概述于     

Fragment-based discovery of focal adhesion kinase inhibitors

Chemically diverse fragment hits of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were discovered by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) screening of our in-house fragment library. Site specific binding of the primary hits was confirmed in a competition setup using a high-affinity ATP-site inhibitor of FAK. Protein crystallography revealed the binding mode of 41 out of 48 selected fragment hits within the ATP-site. Structural comparison of the fragment binding modes with a DFG-out inhibitor of FAK initiated first synthetic follow-up optimization leading to improved binding affinity.     

Verminous mastitis in a mare caused by a free-living nematode

Verminous mastitis was the reason for euthanasia of a 22-yr-old Paso Fino mare from Miami, Florida. The etiologic agent was a species of Cephalobus (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae), a genus of soil-inhabiting nematodes that were obviously multiplying in the mammary gland. Only females and larvae were detected in the tissues by histologic section or by teasing the tissue to liberate the worms. At least 12,900 individuals were present per gram of tissue. This is the first case of Cephalobus infecting horses and it indicates that not all histiotropic infections of horses by rhabditoid nematodes are by Halicephalobus deletrix ( = Micronema deletrix).     

Tuning a ménage à trois: Co‐evolution and co‐adaptation of nuclear and organellar genomes in plants

Plastids and mitochondria arose through endosymbiotic acquisition of formerly free‐living bacteria. During more than a billion years of subsequent concerted evolution, the three genomes of plant cells have undergone dramatic structural changes to optimize the expression of the compartmentalized genetic material and to fine‐tune the communication between the nucleus and the organelles. The chimeric composition of many multiprotein complexes in plastids and mitochondria (one part of the subunits being nuclear encoded and another one being encoded in the organellar genome) provides a paradigm for co‐evolution at the cellular level. In this paper, we discuss the co‐evolution of nuclear and organellar genomes in the context of environmental adaptation in species and populations. We highlight emerging genetic model systems and new experimental approaches that are particularly suitable to elucidate the molecular basis of co‐adaptation processes and describe how nuclear‐cytoplasmic co‐evolution can cause genetic incompatibilities that contribute to the establishment of hybridization barriers, ultimately leading to the formation of new species.     

Unexpected Consequences: Wildlife Conservation and Territorial Conflict in Northern Kenya

This article is concerned with the implementation of community-based conservancies (CBC) in conflict-ridden pastoralist areas of northern Kenya and whether the creation of protected areas can facilitate the resolution of conflict. Evidence from ethnographic research in East Pokot, Kenya, reveals a mixed picture. In the last decade, three CBCs were established along the administrative borders. Two of them are located in contested areas between the Pokot and neighboring pastoralists. In order to ensure their long-term success in terms of wildlife conservation and economic viability they must act as catalysts for inter-ethnic conflict resolution. In one case, the implementation proved successful, while in the other it exacerbated tensions and led to ethnic violence. In addition, issues of conservation are also embedded in deeper intra-societal struggles over the reconfiguration and renegotiation of access to and control over land. Drawing on ethnographic data and recent literature this research sheds light on unexpected consequences of CBC.