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91.
Mesoscale imaging with cryo‐light and X‐rays: Larger than molecular machines,smaller than a cell 下载免费PDF全文
Axel A. Ekman Jian‐Hua Chen Jessica Guo Gerry McDermott Mark A. Le Gros Carolyn A. Larabell 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》2017,109(1):24-38
In the context of cell biology, the term mesoscale describes length scales ranging from that of an individual cell, down to the size of the molecular machines. In this spatial regime, small building blocks self‐organise to form large, functional structures. A comprehensive set of rules governing mesoscale self‐organisation has not been established, making the prediction of many cell behaviours difficult, if not impossible. Our knowledge of mesoscale biology comes from experimental data, in particular, imaging. Here, we explore the application of soft X‐ray tomography (SXT) to imaging the mesoscale, and describe the structural insights this technology can generate. We also discuss how SXT imaging is complemented by the addition of correlative fluorescence data measured from the same cell. This combination of two discrete imaging modalities produces a 3D view of the cell that blends high‐resolution structural information with precise molecular localisation data. 相似文献
92.
Zhao X Deyanova EG Lubbers LS Zafian P Li JJ Liaw A Song Q Du Y Settlage RE Hickey GJ Yates NA Hendrickson RC 《Journal of proteome research》2008,7(10):4373-4383
Estrogens are a class of steroid hormones that interact with two related but distinct nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta. To identify potential ER biomarkers, we profiled the rat plasma glycoproteome after treatment with vehicle or 17beta-estradiol (E2) or an ERalpha-selective agonist PPT by differential mass spectrometry. Our comparative proteomic experiment identifies novel E2- and PPT-responsive proteins, such as serine protease inhibitor family members. 相似文献
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Toshihiro Yoshida So Kawaguchi Bettina Meyer Patti Virtue Jennifer Penschow Gerry Nash 《Polar Biology》2009,32(3):503-507
The effects of starvation on ultrastructure of digestive gland cells were studied in furcilia larvae of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba: hereafter krill). Under laboratory conditions, larvae were starved for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days, and their R-cells were
investigated by transmission electron microscope. R-cells are thought to play a role in the storage and absorption of nutrients.
In fed larvae, numerous mitochondria scattered homogenously, and densely packed microvilli were observed on the apical surface
of R-cells. After 5 days of starvation, mitochondria were swollen and were found concentrated in the apical region in R-cells.
A decrease in cell volume and an increase in thickness of the basal lamina with many irregular infoldings were observed after
10–15 days of starvation. Lipid droplets were rarely found in the R-cells regardless of whether larvae had been fed or starved
suggesting an inability to store lipid. Without the ability to store energy in the form of lipid, survival would be dependant
on sourcing continuous food until maturation. 相似文献
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Francesco Oliva Loredana Zocchi Eleonora Candi Gerry Melino Umberto Tarantino 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,379(4):887-891
The ethiopathogenesis of rotator cuff disease remains poorly understood. Many studies advocate the importance of extra cellular matrix for the homeostasis of connective tissue. Transglutaminase enzymes family has been studied in the context of connective tissue formation and stabilisation. Here, we investigated transglutaminases expression pattern in biopsies of normal and injured supraspinatus tendons of human shoulders and in the Achilles tendons of transglutaminase 2 knock-out and wild-type mice. Our results show that different transglutaminase family members are differentially expressed in human and mouse tendons, and that transglutaminase 2 is down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels upon human supraspinatus tendon ruptures. 相似文献
98.
Adebowale Adeyemo Norman Gerry Guanjie Chen Alan Herbert Ayo Doumatey Hanxia Huang Jie Zhou Kerrie Lashley Yuanxiu Chen Michael Christman Charles Rotimi 《PLoS genetics》2009,5(7)
The evidence for the existence of genetic susceptibility variants for the common form of hypertension (“essential hypertension”) remains weak and inconsistent. We sought genetic variants underlying blood pressure (BP) by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) among African Americans, a population group in the United States that is disproportionately affected by hypertension and associated complications, including stroke and kidney diseases. Using a dense panel of over 800,000 SNPs in a discovery sample of 1,017 African Americans from the Washington, D.C., metropolitan region, we identified multiple SNPs reaching genome-wide significance for systolic BP in or near the genes: PMS1, SLC24A4, YWHA7, IPO7, and CACANA1H. Two of these genes, SLC24A4 (a sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger) and CACNA1H (a voltage-dependent calcium channel), are potential candidate genes for BP regulation and the latter is a drug target for a class of calcium channel blockers. No variant reached genome wide significance for association with diastolic BP (top scoring SNP rs1867226, p = 5.8×10−7) or with hypertension as a binary trait (top scoring SNP rs9791170, p = 5.1×10−7). We replicated some of the significant SNPs in a sample of West Africans. Pathway analysis revealed that genes harboring top-scoring variants cluster in pathways and networks of biologic relevance to hypertension and BP regulation. This is the first GWAS for hypertension and BP in an African American population. The findings suggests that, in addition to or in lieu of relying solely on replicated variants of moderate-to-large effect reaching genome-wide significance, pathway and network approaches may be useful in identifying and prioritizing candidate genes/loci for further experiments. 相似文献
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Randolph R. J. Arroo Vasilis Androutsopoulos Kenneth Beresford Ketan Ruparelia Somchaiya Surichan Nicola Wilsher Gerry A. Potter 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2009,8(2):375-386
There are many reasons why vegetables and fruits may protect against cancer. As well as containing vitamins and minerals,
which help keep the body healthy and strengthen the immune system, they are also good sources of biologically active compounds,
which can help to protect cells in the body from damage that can lead to cancer. Notably, dietary flavonoids and other polyphenols
are thought to have an important role as chemopreventive agents. Most studies on the possible mechanism of the chemopreventive
action of dietary compounds have assumed that free hydroxyl groups of flavonoids and other polyphenols are necessary for their
biological effects. However, in the human body dietary polyphenols are rapidly conjugated by glucuronosyltransferases and
sulfotransferases, two enzymes that are abundantly present in the small intestine and liver, through which all of the oral
dose must pass. Thus, most polyphenols that have been studied, e.g. quercetin, kaempferol, diosmetin, and resveratrol, would
not be expected to reach internal organs beyond sites directly along the gastrointestinal tract. When the hydroxyl groups
in polyphenols are methylated, the resulting compounds are much less prone to glucuronidation and sulfation. Thus methoxylated
compounds are more metabolically stable, increasing their bioavailablity. The peel of various Citrus species can contain high
concentrations of polymethoxyflavones, whereas the juice mainly contains hydroxylated flavones. At present, very little is
known about the mechanisms by which methoxylated flavones may affect growth and development of tumour cells. Recently, it
was shown that tumour specific enzymes can catalyze the O-demethylation of methoxylated flavones, resulting in the formation of flavones with free hydroxyl groups. We propose that
demethylation of methoxylated flavones is another example of bioactivation of naturally occurring prodrugs. 相似文献
100.
Sheila B. Ogoma Dickson W. Lweitoijera Hassan Ngonyani Benjamin Furer Tanya L. Russell Wolfgang R. Mukabana Gerry F. Killeen Sarah J. Moore 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2010,4(8)