Biophysical Characterization of the Tandem FHA Domain Regulatory Module from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ABC Transporter Rv1747

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The survey on cellular and tissue-engineered therapies in Europe and neighboring Eurasian countries in 2014 and 2015

Background aims

With the support of five established scientific organizations, this report, the seventh of its kind, describes activity in Europe for the years 2014 and 2015 in the area of cellular and tissue-engineered therapies, excluding hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) treatments for the reconstitution of hematopoiesis.

P190-B, a Rho-GTPase-activating protein, is differentially expressed in terminal end buds and breast cancer.

Microdissection and differential display PCR were used to identify genes preferentially expressed in the highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEBs) in the mammary gland of 45-day-old virgin rats. One clone exhibited 87% homology to the human p190-B gene encoding a novel Rho-Gap. Using in situ hybridization, p190-B was detected in both the TEBs and the terminal ducts, with the highest expression observed in the outer layer of TEBs. During normal mammary gland development, p190-B mRNA expression was highest in the virgin mammary gland and decreased during late pregnancy and lactation. Interestingly, increased levels of p190-B mRNA relative to the normal mammary gland were seen in a subset of murine mammary tumors that appeared to be less well differentiated and potentially more aggressive. Transient transfection of a p190-B expression construct into MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells resulted in disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, which suggests a role for p190-B in regulating the signaling pathways that influence cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that p190-B may be required for virgin mammary gland development, and its aberrant expression may occur in breast cancer.     

Parents' and teachers' ratings of problem behaviours in children: genetic and contrast effects.

We obtained ratings on the Conners' scales from teachers (CTRS-28) and parents (CPRS-48) for 61 monozygotic and 64 dizygotic twin pairs, aged between 7 and 11 years. Model-fitting analyses were carried out to estimate the extent of genetic and environmental influences on problem behaviours, and to explore possible contrast effects in ratings by parents and teachers. Confirming previous findings with other measures, there was evidence of moderate to strong genetic effects on a range of problem behaviours. Parents' ratings on the Anxiety, Impulsive-Hyperactive and Learning Problem sub-scales showed significant evidence of contrast effects. There was no evidence of such rater bias or competitive sibling interaction effects in ratings by teachers, or in parents' ratings on the Conduct Problem and Psychosomatic sub-scales.     

Effect of Benzo(a)pyrene and Piperonyl Butoxide on Formation of Respiratory System, Phospholipids, and Carotenoids of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus formed an electron transport system when exponentially growing cells were aerated. Formation of the electron transport system occurred concomitantly with increases in the phospholipids and the carotenoids. The addition of piperonyl butoxide or benzo(a)pyrene at the onset of aeration (i) slowed the formation of the electron transport system, (ii) both inhibited cytochrome oxidase o synthesis and decreased its stability, (iii) simultaneously depressed the increase in total phospholipid (especially cardiolipin), and (iv) depressed the synthesis of the carotenoid rubixanthin. Benzo(a)pyrene was the more inhibitory of the two, both on the rate of synthesis of the electron transport system and on rubixanthin formation. Evidence obtained with the inhibitors suggested that inhibition of the lipid synthesis was related to the formation of the electron transport system.     

Quantitative tritium autoradiography of mammalian chromosomes

The rates of tritiated thymidine accumulation in each of the chromosome types in Chinese hamster line Don and strain Don-C have been assayed by quantitative tritium autoradiography. The late-replicating nature of the X and Y chromosomes is readily apparent. Many chromosomes exhibit three separate steps of synthesis, with reduced rates of thymidine incorporation between 3 and 4 hours and again between 5 and 6 hours. The same three-step pattern can be seen in scintillation data from FUdR synchronized cells, with 40% of the DNA made in each of the first two steps and 20% in the final step.This research was supported in part by Grant GB-7248 from the National Science Foundation and by Grant E-286 from The American Cancer Society.     

Catabolisme des steroides chez les Nocardia

Nocardia restrictus and N. corallina oxidize the A ring of 4-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and a 3,5-seco-4-nor-3-keto-5-oic acid is formed. The enzymes necessary to this reaction are induced and their biosynthesis is suppressed by chloramphenicol. The catabolism of the aliphatic side chain at C-17 involves a cleavage between C-24 and C-25 and the liberation of propionic acid.