生态约束下闽三角城市群城镇发展特征与转型路径

我国城市群快速发育与增长的同时也伴随着巨大的生态代价。基于生态约束视角提出城市群可持续发展的"供需-效率-结构"三维测度模型，以闽三角城市群为实证，综合运用生态足迹、生态承载力与信息熵模型，从资源供需关系、发展生态效率与生态本底结构三个方面评价其2018年区域城镇可持续发展空间分异规律，并进一步探究其影响因素与转型发展路径。研究发现：（1）闽三角区域城镇发展空间分异明显，具体表现为南北差异与海陆差异，空间集聚效应正在形成。（2）城镇可持续发展潜力与能源消耗和经济发展水平呈显著负相关，而人口、城镇化、经济、能源消耗等影响因素对资源供需关系、发展生态效率与生态本底结构三个子系统的影响机制存在差异。（3）鉴于影响机制差异，采用系统聚类法将闽三角城镇划分为赤字型、失衡型、粗放型与可持续型四类，针对不同类型城镇的主要发展制约因素提出相应的转型发展路径。研究希望为城市群可持续发展研究提供新的思路，为闽三角区域城镇转型发展提供参考与借鉴。     

铁皮石斛化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

采用硫酸-苯酚法、AlCl^₃比色法、酸性染料比色法测定铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)花、叶、茎中多糖、黄酮、生物碱含量，通过DPPH和ABTS清除实验评价铁皮石斛花、叶、茎的水提物和乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，铁皮石斛不同部位的多糖含量茎>花>叶，黄酮含量花>叶>茎，生物碱在各个部位分布均较少。其中茎的多糖含量可达23.92%，花中黄酮含量可达1.847%。抗氧化能力评价表明，铁皮石斛花水提物、茎醇提物、花醇提物的DPPH自由基清除能力相对较好，半效应浓度(EC₅₀)分别为410.4 μg·mL^-1、454.1 μg·mL^-1、573.2 μg·mL^-1；铁皮石斛茎醇提物、花醇提物、花水提物ABTS自由基清除能力相对较好，半效应浓度(EC₅₀)分别为61.1 μg·mL^-1、62.2 μg·mL^-1、103.0 μg·mL^-1。铁皮石斛花的提取物抗氧化活性整体优于叶和茎，醇提物抗氧化能力优于水提物。     

生物技术在未来军事领域中的应用

本文报道生物技术在未来军事领域的应用，探讨了生物技术对未来军事的影响，肯定了发展生物技术对促进军事科学发展的意义。     

外泌体微小RNA在糖尿病并发症中的作用及其运动干预

糖尿病是临床常见的代谢性疾病，其破坏性大血管并发症及微血管并发症是导致患者生活质量下降乃至死亡的主要原因之一。因此，探究其发病机理对于糖尿病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。外泌体（exosomes，EXs）是一种能被多种细胞分泌，并能通过其携带的生物活性分子，如微小RNA（microRNAs，miRNA）、蛋白质、脂质等实现细胞间信息交流的囊泡小体。已有报道表明，运动可促进EXs释放并通过其携带的miRNA在糖尿病并发症中发挥有益效应。本文就EXs miRNA在糖尿病并发症中的作用、不同运动方式对EXs miRNA的影响以及运动介导EXs miRNA调控糖尿病并发症潜在机制的研究进展进行阐述，以期为运动防治糖尿病并发症的靶点筛选及预后诊断提供新思路。     

Vascular smooth muscle cells promote endothelial cell adhesion via microtubule dynamics and activation of paxillin and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in a co-culture system

Interaction between endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in vascular biology. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides critical environmental information necessary for cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival. In this study, the role of VSMCs in EC adhesion was demonstrated by using a co-culture system. It was shown that the co-cultured VSMCs significantly increased the number of adherent ECs, and induced an increase of total focal adhesion area in ECs. These changes were associated with a low microtubule-to-tubulin ratio, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and paxillin. Both the EC adhesion state and activation of the ERK/paxillin pathway by the co-cultured VSMCs could be inhibited by trichostatin A (TSA). As an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, TSA acts by modulating microtubule polymerization state. Taken together, these data suggest that the co-cultured VSMCs promote EC adhesion by modulating the microtubule cytoskeleton polymerization state, which in turn activates the ERK pathway and up-regulates phosphorylated paxillin expression to accelerate focal adhesion formation.     

陆地棉GhCSN6A基因克隆及低磷胁迫下的表达

该研究基于陆地棉根部低磷胁迫基因表达谱芯片差异表达序列结果及基因组数据库，对表达差异序列ES816317进行克隆，利用生物信息学分析其核苷酸及蛋白序列，并通过qRT-PCR技术检测其组织表达模式和在低磷胁迫下的相对表达特征，为解析棉花GhCSN6A的生物学功能奠定基础，并为棉花磷高效基因工程育种提供基因资源。结果表明：(1)成功获得陆地棉GhCSN6A基因，该基因的开放阅读框全长为948 bp,编码315个氨基酸；GhCSN6A蛋白为COP9信号小体复合亚基6a,属于MOV34蛋白超家族，具有MPN＿CSN6结构域，定位于细胞核。(2)序列比对和进化分析显示，陆地棉GhCSN6A与木槿HsCSN6A、拟南芥AtCSN6A的相似性分别为95.87%和84.54%。(3)qRT-PCR分析表明，GhCSN6A基因在陆地棉的根、茎、叶、花中均有表达，且在叶中表达水平最高，但叶与根中的表达无显著差异；GhCSN6A基因在低磷处理24 h时根中相对表达量最低，但低磷处理72 h时根中的相对表达量最高达到了适磷(对照)处理的2倍。研究推测，陆地棉GhCSN6A基因在棉花响应低磷胁迫过程中具有重要作...     

Population structure affected by excess gene flow in self-pollinating Elymus nutans and E. burchan-buddae (Triticeae: Poaceae)

Seed-mediated gene flow can considerably affect population genetic structure of strictly self-pollinating species, but little is known on the extent and nature of such gene flow among pastoral plant populations. Molecular fingerprints provide a powerful tool to address the relevant issues. Genetic structure of 22 populations of two self-pollinating pasture species, Elymus nutans and E. burchan-buddae, collected from various altitudes of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau was studied using fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 42.97% and 37.63% among-population variation for the two Elymus species, respectively, indicating that the majority of the total variation presented within populations. This result contradicts the common genetic variation pattern for a selfing plant species: lower genetic variation within populations. Further analysis suggested higher level of gene flow among populations within the same region than among different regions across the sampled area for the two Elymus species. STRUCTURE analyses of the Elymus populations indicated an evident admixture genetic structure, particularly among neighboring populations from the same region, supporting the hypothesis of considerable seed dispersal among populations. The excess within-region gene flow of E. nutans and E. burchan-buddae might be caused by grazing animals that promote seed dispersal when moved around the pastoral lands during foraging. The among-population gene flow promulgated by grazing animals may promote the maintenance of genetic diversity in the pasture species, particularly in small and fragmented populations within a given region.     

人源Tau蛋白截短片段转基因果蝇模型的建立

人Tau蛋白是一种主要的细胞骨架蛋白,由Tau蛋白组成的神经纤维缠结是阿尔茨海默病的两大病理特征之一,C末端缺失的Tau已经证实是神经纤维缠结的组份之一,体内体外实验已经证实,Tau蛋白可以是多种蛋白酶的水解底物。但是,Tau蛋白水解产生的截短片段在阿尔茨海默病中的作用目前还不清楚。为了能够在在体水平研究Tau蛋白截短片段的毒性机制,将Tau蛋白截短成不同的截短片段:Tau1-44、Tau45-441、Tau45-230、Tau231-441。利用显微注射的方法构建Tau基因截短片段的转基因果蝇,并利用果蝇中的UAS/GAL4系统驱动截短的Tau蛋白片段在果蝇的眼睛中异位表达,该实验结果发现在果蝇眼睛中过表达Tau蛋白截短片段并没有对果蝇眼睛的发育造成明显的毒性,从而推断Tau蛋白水解是机体的一种自我保护机制。     

New coniferophyte ovulate structures from the Early Permian of China

Recent research on the Cathaysian flora of the Early Permian Shanxi Formation in Henan Province, southern China has led to the identification of a new kind of fertile shoot system of spermatophyte affinity, Loroderma henania gen. et sp. nov. From its morphological arrangement it is evident that this structure shares many similarities with known fossil coniferophyte taxa, although this particular combination of characters is unique, leading to the creation of a new genus and species. The fertile shoot system possesses a primary axis with helically arranged bract/shoot complexes, each consisting of a single lanceolate bract with parallel venation (indistinguishable from Cordaites sp. and Rufloria sp.) with an ovulate cone in its axil. Ovulate cones consist of an elongate and recurved axis which in approximately its distal half bears scales and ovulate sporophylls. Each ovulate cone bears 1–3 ovules of the Cardiocarpus organ genus within the confines of the cone, although the precise nature of their attachment is unclear. The presence of shared character states with various extinct taxa has made it difficult to assign it unambiguously to any existing coniferophyte order or family as they are currendy envisaged, with most likely affinities with or intermediate to the Vojnovskyales and Coniferales.