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41.
Marzia Traverso Francesco Asdrubali Annalisa Francia Matthias Finkbeiner 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2012,17(8):1068-1079
Purpose
The main goal of the paper is to carry out the first implementation of sustainability assessment of the assembly step of photovoltaic (PV) modules production by Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) and the development of the Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard (LCSD), in order to compare LCSA results of different PV modules. The applicability and practicability of the LCSD is reported thanks to a case study. The results show that LCSA can be considered a valuable tool to support decision-making processes that involve different stakeholders with different knowledge and background.Method
The sustainability performance of the production step of Italian and German polycrystalline silicon modules is assessed using the LCSD. The LCSD is an application oriented to the presentation of an LCSA study. LCSA comprises life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing and social LCA (S-LCA). The primary data collected for the German module are related to two different years, and this led to the evaluation of three different scenarios: a German 2008 module, a German 2009 module, and an Italian 2008 module.Results and discussion
According to the LCA results based on Ecoindicator 99, the German module for example has lower values of land use [1.77 potential disappeared fractions (PDF) m2/year] and acidification (3.61 PDF m2/year) than the Italian one (land use 1.99 PDF m2/year, acidification 3.83 PDF m2/year). However, the German module has higher global warming potential [4.5E?C05 disability-adjusted life years (DALY)] than the Italian one [3.00E?05 DALY]. The economic costs of the German module are lower than the Italian one, e.g. the cost of electricity per FU for the German module is 0.12??/m2 compared to the Italian 0.85??/m2. The S-LCA results show significant differences between German module 2008 and 2009 that represent respectively the best and the worst overall social performances of the three considered scenarios compared by LCSD. The aggregate LCSD results show that the German module 2008 has the best overall sustainability performance and a score of 665 points out of 1,000 (and a colour scale of light green). The Italian module 2008 has the worst overall sustainability performance with a score of 404 points, while the German module 2009 is in the middle with 524 points.Conclusions
The LCSA and LCSD methodologies represent an applicable framework as a tool for supporting decision-making processes which consider sustainable production and consumption. However, there are still challenges for a meaningful application, particularly the questions of the selection of social LCA indicators and how to weigh sets for the LCSD. 相似文献42.
43.
Jérémie Roux Michel Carles Hidefumi Koh Arnaud Goolaerts Michael T. Ganter Brian B. Chesebro Marybeth Howard Benjamin T. Houseman Walter Finkbeiner Kevan M. Shokat Agnès C. Paquet Michael A. Matthay Jean-Fran?ois Pittet 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(7):4278-4290
Exogenous or endogenous β2-adrenergic receptor agonists enhance alveolar epithelial fluid transport via a cAMP-dependent mechanism that protects the lungs from alveolar flooding in acute lung injury. However, impaired alveolar fluid clearance is present in most of the patients with acute lung injury and is associated with increased mortality, although the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition of the alveolar epithelial fluid transport are not completely understood. Here, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a critical mediator of acute lung injury, inhibits β2-adrenergic receptor agonist-stimulated vectorial fluid and Cl− transport across primary rat and human alveolar epithelial type II cell monolayers. This inhibition is due to a reduction in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity and biosynthesis mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent heterologous desensitization and down-regulation of the β2-adrenergic receptors. Consistent with these in vitro results, inhibition of the PI3K pathway or pretreatment with soluble chimeric TGF-β type II receptor restored β2-adrenergic receptor agonist-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport in an in vivo model of acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The results demonstrate a novel role for TGF-β1 in impairing the β- adrenergic agonist-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in acute lung injury, an effect that could be corrected by using PI3K inhibitors that are safe to use in humans. 相似文献
44.
M. Yanina Pepino Susana Finkbeiner Gary K. Beauchamp Julie A. Mennella 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2010,18(5):959-965
The goal of this study was to determine whether obese women exhibit altered umami and sweet taste perception compared to normal‐weight women. A total of 57 subjects (23 obese and 34 normal weight) participated in a 2‐day study separated by 1 week. Half of the women in each group were evaluated using monosodium glutamate (MSG; prototypical umami stimulus) on the first test day and sucrose on the second test day; the order was reversed for the remaining women. We used two‐alternative forced‐choice staircase procedures to measure taste detection thresholds, forced‐choice tracking technique to measure preferences, the general Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) to measure perceived intensity of suprathreshold concentrations, and a triangle test to measure discrimination between 29 mmol/l MSG and 29 mmol/l NaCl. Obese women required higher MSG concentrations to detect a taste and preferred significantly higher MSG concentrations in a soup‐like vehicle. However, their perception of MSG at suprathreshold concentrations, their ability to discriminate MSG from salt, and their preference for sucrose were similar to that observed in normal‐weight women. Regardless of their body weight category, 28% of the women did not discriminate 29 mmol/l MSG from 29 mmol/l NaCl (nondiscriminators). Surprisingly, we found that, relative to discriminators, nondiscriminators perceived less savoriness when tasting suprathreshold MSG concentrations and less sweetness from suprathreshold sucrose concentrations but had similar MSG and sucrose detection thresholds. Taken together, these data suggest that body weight is related to some components of umami taste and that different mechanisms are involved in the perception of threshold and suprathreshold MSG concentrations. 相似文献
45.
Walter E. Finkbeiner Lorna T. Zlock Irum Mehdi Jonathan H. Widdicombe 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2010,46(5):450-456
There are two main epithelial cell types in the secretory tubules of mammalian glands: serous and mucous. The former is believed
to secrete predominantly water and antimicrobials, the latter mucins. Primary cultures of human airway gland epithelium have
been available for almost 20 yr, but they are poorly differentiated and lack clear features of either serous or mucous cells.
In this study, by varying growth supports and media, we have produced cultures from human airway glands that in terms of their
ultrastructure and secretory products resemble either mucous or serous cells. Of four types of porous-bottomed insert tested,
polycarbonate filters (Transwells) most strongly promoted the mucous phenotype. Coupled with the addition of epidermal growth
factor (EGF), this growth support produced “mucous” cells that contained the large electron-lucent granules characteristic
of native mucous cells, but lacked the small electron-dense granules characteristic of serous cells. Furthermore, they showed
high levels of mucin secretion and low levels of release of lactoferrin and lysozyme (markers of native serous cells). By
contrast, growth on polyethylene terephthalate filters (Cyclopore) in medium lacking EGF produced “serous” cells in which
small electron-dense granules replaced the electron-lucent ones, and the cells had high levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme
but low levels of mucins. Measurements of transepithelial resistance and short-circuit current showed that both “serous” and
“mucous” cell cultures possessed tight junctions, had become polarized, and were actively secreting Cl. 相似文献
46.
47.
A C Moreno-Borchart K Strasser M G Finkbeiner A Shevchenko A Shevchenko M Knop 《The EMBO journal》2001,20(24):6946-6957
In yeast, the differentiation process at the end of meiosis generates four daughter cells inside the boundaries of the mother cell. A meiosis-specific plaque (MP) at the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) serves as the starting site for the formation of the prospore membranes (PSMs) that are destined to encapsulate the post-meiotic nuclei. Here we report the identification of Ady3p and Ssp1p, which are functional components of the leading edge protein (LEP) coat, that covers the ring-shaped opening of the PSMs. Ssp1p is required for the assembly of the LEP coat, which consists of at least three proteins (Ssp1p, Ady3p and Don1p). The assembly of the LEP coat starts with the formation of cytosolic precursors, which then bind in an Ady3p-dependent manner to the SPBs. Subsequent processes at the SPBs leading to functional LEP coats require Ssp1p and the MP components. During growth of the PSMs, the LEP coat functions in formation of the cup-shaped membrane structure that is indispensable for the regulated cellularization of the cytoplasm around the post-meiotic nuclei. 相似文献
48.
CREB couples neurotrophin signals to survival messages 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Finkbeiner S 《Neuron》2000,25(1):11-14
49.
Leslie Michels Thompson Charity T. Aiken Linda S. Kaltenbach Namita Agrawal Katalin Illes Ali Khoshnan Marta Martinez-Vincente Montserrat Arrasate Jacqueline Gire O'Rourke Hasan Khashwji Tamas Lukacsovich Ya-Zhen Zhu Alice L. Lau Ashish Massey Michael R. Hayden Scott O. Zeitlin Steven Finkbeiner Kim N. Green Frank M. LaFerla Gillian Bates Lan Huang Paul H. Patterson Donald C. Lo Ana Maria Cuervo J. Lawrence Marsh Joan S. Steffan 《The Journal of cell biology》2009,187(7):1083-1099
Expansion of the polyglutamine repeat within the protein Huntingtin (Htt) causes Huntington''s disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with aging and the accumulation of mutant Htt in diseased neurons. Understanding the mechanisms that influence Htt cellular degradation may target treatments designed to activate mutant Htt clearance pathways. We find that Htt is phosphorylated by the inflammatory kinase IKK, enhancing its normal clearance by the proteasome and lysosome. Phosphorylation of Htt regulates additional post-translational modifications, including Htt ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and acetylation, and increases Htt nuclear localization, cleavage, and clearance mediated by lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A and Hsc70. We propose that IKK activates mutant Htt clearance until an age-related loss of proteasome/lysosome function promotes accumulation of toxic post-translationally modified mutant Htt. Thus, IKK activation may modulate mutant Htt neurotoxicity depending on the cell''s ability to degrade the modified species. 相似文献
50.