Anti-leucocyte antibodies and embryonic mortality in embryo transferred cows

Cows carrying unrelated transferred embryos (ET) produced anti-leucocyte serum antibodies (aLA) more often than cows carrying their own embryos. Cows carrying the ET showed a higher frequency of cytotoxic reactions against leucocytes from 40-60 randomly chosen cows than individuals carrying their own embryos. The percentage of animals with aLA was higher in cows carrying their second or third transferred embryo than in those with their first transferred embryo. There was no change in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions with repeated pregnancies from transferred embryos. There was no difference in the toxicity of aLA in normal pregnant cows and those carrying transferred embryos. Embryonic mortality (EM) of 35, 73 and 88% was noted during pregnancies from the first, second and third successful ET, respectively. Mortality of 48% occurred in the first pregnancy following an unsuccessful ET. Embryonic mortality of 31% occurred in cows simultaneously carrying their own and a transferred embryo. A direct relationship between the presence of aLA and EM in recipients was not proved. Other fertility problems may lead to EM in cows subjected to repeated transfer of foreign embryos.     

A STUDY OF BIOETHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS IN KOREA

This study assessed the knowledge and perception of human biological materials (HBM) and biorepositories among three study groups in South Korea. The relationship between the knowledge and the perception among different groups was also examined by using factor and regression analyses. In a self‐reporting survey of 440 respondents, the expert group was found more likely to be knowledgeable and positively perceived than the others. Four factors emerged: Sale and Consent, Flexible Use, Self‐Confidence, and Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Action restriction perception. The results indicate that those who are well aware of the existence of biobanks were more positively inclined to receive the Sale and Consent perception. As a result of the need for high quality HBMs and the use of appropriate sampling procedures for every aspect of the collection and use process, the biorepository community should pay attention to ethical, legal, and policy issues.     

溴化马来松香的合成、表征及其阻燃性的研究

本文以马来松香与液溴加成,合成了溴化马来松香;研究了反应温度、原料的摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应过程及产物性能的影响.用FT-IR、1H NMR和TG对溴化马来松香进行了表征.结果表明,当反应温度为-2～6℃,反应时间5～6 h,反应物的当量配比约为1.2时,收率可达87.9%.溴化马来松香具有较好的阻燃性,同时也拓宽了松香的应用范围,提高了松香的附加值.     

SURVIVAL OF AN UNIRRADIATED SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM MARKER STRAIN INOCULATED IN POULTRY FEEDS AFTER IRRADIATION

The present study was designed to compare unirradiated Salmonella typhimurium survival during storage after inoculation in either irradiated or unirradiated poultry feed. The effects of irradiation (5 kGy) on the indigenous feed microflora and on the survival of marker strain of S. typhimurium contaminated after irradiation treatment were determined during 56 days of storage of either soybean meal (SBM) or meat and bone meal (MBM) based feeds. The initial aerobic bacterial populations were reduced more than 90% in both SBM (4.96 to 4.08 ± 0.03 log₁₀ CPU/g feed) and MBM (5.12 to 3.90 ± 0.03) by irradiation. Irradiation treatment reduced the average fungal counts during 56 days of storage in both SBM (4.24 to 2.74 ± 0.03) and MBM (4.38 to 2.15 ± 0.03) containing feeds. However, unirradiated S. typhimurium populations inoculated after irradiation of the feed were not different in either irradiated or nonirradiated SBM and MBM based feeds. Therefore, the differences in fungal versus bacterial sensitivity among the feed types and storage times suggests that gamma irradiation can alter the makeup of indigenous microbial populations in feed but this does not appear to have a discernible influence on subsequent survival of unirradiated S. typhimurium added as a dry inoculum after irradiation.     

Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian rain forest: the sexual species

HA, C. O., SANDS, V. E., SOEPADMO, E. & JONG, K., 1988. Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian rain forest: the sexual species. Investigations were carried out on the floral, fruit and seed biology, and the embryology of representatives of the Sapindaceae and Bombacaceae which occur in the lower canopy of the lowland rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia. Pollination studies indicated cross-compatibility and outbreeding in all species examined, associated with self-compatibility in the polygamous monecious Pometia pinnata and Allophylus cobbe and, to a limited extent, in the effectively dioecious Xerospermum intermedium . In these sapindaceous species, together with the self-incompatible androdioecious Nephelium lappaceum , the structurally hermaphrodite flowers were determined embryologically to be functionally female with no anther dehiscence. The self-incompatible Durio griffithii of the Bombacaceae, and X. intermedium, N. lappaceum and P. pinnata were shown by embryological studies to form a sexual zygote. The observations on these outcrossing species are considered in relation to their potential for gene exchange and their contribution to the maintenance of species diversity in the lowland rain forest.