Population dynamics and economic losses caused by Zeuzera pyrina,a cryptic wood‐borer moth,in an olive orchard in Egypt

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The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin and Lipid Metabolism,and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Trial

Biological Trace Element Research - To observe and compare the effects of healthy instruction and Zhiqi granules on lead, calcium, iron, and zinc levels in serum of children with moderately...     

Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue, in vitro

A post-prandial increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and glucose (Glc) activates an inflammatory response, which may be prolonged following restoration of physiological SFAs and Glc levels — a finding referred to as ‘metabolic memory'.This study examined chronic and oscillating SFAs and Glc on the inflammatory signalling pathway in human adipose tissue (AT) and adipocytes (Ads) and determined whether Ads are subject to “metabolic memory.”Abdominal (Abd) subcutaneous (Sc) explants and Ads were treated with chronic low glucose (L-Glc): 5.6 mM and high glucose (H-Glc): 17.5 mM, with low (0.2 mM) and high (2 mM) SFA for 48 h. Abd Sc explants and Ads were also exposed to the aforementioned treatment regimen for 12-h periods, with alternating rest periods of 12 h in L-Glc.Chronic treatment with L-Glc and high SFAs, H-Glc and high SFAs up-regulated key factors of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway in Abd Sc AT and Ads (TLR4, NFκB; P<.05), whilst down-regulating MyD88. Oscillating Glc and SFA concentrations increased TLR4, NFκB, IKKβ (P<.05) in explants and Ads and up-regulated MyD88 expression (P<.05). Both tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 (P<.05) secretion were markedly increased in chronically treated Abd Sc explants and Ads whilst, with oscillating treatments, a sustained inflammatory effect was noted in absence of treatment.Therefore, SFAs may act as key instigators of the inflammatory response in human AT via NFκB activation, which suggests that short-term exposure of cells to uncontrolled levels of SFAs and Glc leads to a longer-term inflammatory insult within the Ad, which may have important implications for patients with obesity and Type 2 diabetes.     

Effect of Egyptian propolis on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and its antiviral activity with special emphasis on chemical composition

The antioxidant activity of eight Egyptian propolis samples from different localities was evaluated by the antioxidative potential and capacity of the DPPH-ESR signal, superoxide anion generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system and low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation assay. As, F, Is and D samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity and potential, respectively. The El, IsR, Is, D and So samples exhibited highly significant antioxidant activity in the XOD system and in LDL peroxidation assays. The antiviral activity of propolis samples was investigated. They showed variations in their activity; sample D induced the highest antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus. 42 Polyphenolic compounds were identified by HPLC; 13 aromatic acids, esters and alcohols were present, 29 flavonoids were identified, 6 of them being new to propolis.     

Effects of Influenza Derived Peptide on CD8 T Cell Responses to MHC Class I-Restricted Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT)-Derived Peptide

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Tumor cells in breast cancer are immunogenic and express proteins that can induce immune responses. One important antigen is human...     

Effect of chromium supplementation on the diabetes induced-oxidative stress in liver and brain of adult rats

This study was designed to investigate the susceptibility of liver and brain tissues, as insulin-independent tissues, of normal adult male rats to the oxidative challenge of subchronic supplementation with chromium picolinate (CrPic) at low (human equivalent) and high doses (2.90 and 13.20 μg Cr kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, respectively). Also, the modulative effect of CrPic administration on the enhanced oxidative stress in the liver and brain tissues of alloxan-diabetic rats was studied. Fasting serum glucose level was not modified in normal rats but significantly reduced in diabetic rats that had received CrPic supplement. A mild oxidative stress was observed in the liver and brain of CrPic-supplemented normal rats confirmed by the dose-dependent reductions in the levels of hepatic and cerebral free fatty acids, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and in contrast increased tissue malondialdehyde concentration. On the other hand, hepatic and cerebral catalase activity was reduced in the high dose group only. CrPic supplementation did not act as a peroxisome proliferator confirmed by the significant reductions in liver and brain peroxisomal palmitoyl CoA oxidase activity. The non significant alterations in liver protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios indicate that CrPic did not affect protein synthesis per cell, and that mild elevations in hepatic total protein and RNA concentrations might be due to block or decrease in the export rate of synthesized proteins from the liver to the plasma. In diabetic rats, elevated levels of hepatic and cerebral free fatty acids and malondialdehyde, and in contrast the overwhelmed antioxidant enzymes, were significantly modulated in the low dose group and near-normalized in the high dose group. The significant increases observed in liver total protein and RNA concentrations, as well as protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios in diabetic rats supplemented with the high dose of Cr, compared to untreated diabetics, may be related to the improvement in the glycemic status of the diabetic animals rather than the direct effect of CrPic on protein anabolism.     

Influence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium rhizogenes</Emphasis> on induction of hairy roots and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids production in Persian poppy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Papaver bracteatum</Emphasis> Lindl.): preliminary report

Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is an important medicinal plant and source of the opium alkaloids codeine, morphine and thebaine. Transgenic root cultures of P. bracteatum Lindl. are well-defined model systems to investigate the molecular and metabolic regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Agrobacterium rhizogenes was able to produce hairy roots on wounded Persian poppy seedlings. Excised shoots from 7-day-old Persian poppy were co-cultivated with the A. rhizogenes strain R15834 carrying the pBI121 binary vector. All media, except for the co-cultivation medium, included 40 mg l⁻¹ paromomycin to select for pBI121 transformants and 200 mg l⁻¹ cefotaxime to eliminate the Agrobacterium. Eight weeks after infection, paromomycin-resistant roots appeared on 45–50% of explants maintained on hormone-free medium. Isolated hairy roots were propagated in liquid medium containing 1.0 mg l⁻¹ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid to promote rapid growth. Also, callus induction and shoot regeneration of transformed Calli in vitro was achieved on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg l⁻¹ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Detection of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene and GUS histochemical localization confirmed the integrative transformation of root cultures. This is the first study to illustrate useful protocol to introduce foreign genes into transgenic Persian poppy hairy root cultures using A. rhizogenes strain R15834.     

Rhizosheath of sinai desert plants is a potential repository for associative diazotrophs

Among 42 plant species representing the flora of north Sinai, two possessed sand grain sheath encasing the roots. They are Panicum turgidum Forssk. and Stipagrostis scoparia (Trin.and Rupr.) deWinter. Rhizosheaths, compared to surrounding free sand, accommodated higher population density of microorganisms including associative diazotrophs. Isolates secured belonged to the species of Bacillus circulans, Paenib. macerans (Bacillus macerans), Enterobacter agglomerans, Agrobacterium radiobacter and Chryseomonas luteola (Pseudomonos luteola). The rhizosheath potentiality in re-vegetating sand dunes and arid lands, through nitrogen fixation, plant-water relationship and root continuity for nutrient uptake, are discussed.