Combining taxon‐by‐trait and taxon‐by‐site matrices for analysing trait patterns of macroinvertebrate communities: a rejoinder to Monaghan & Soares ()

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Downregulation of p57kip2 promotes cell invasion via LIMK/cofilin pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

The members of Rho family are well known for their regulation of actin cytoskeleton to control cell migration. The Cip/kip members of cyclin‐dependent (CDK) inhibitors have shown to implicate in cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics. p57^kip2, a CDK inhibitor, is frequently down‐regulated in several malignancy tumors. However, its biological roles in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells remained to be investigated. Here, we found p57^kip2 has nuclear and cytoplasm distributions and depletion of endogenous p57^kip2 did not change the cell‐cycle progression. Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C promoted FBS‐mediated cell migration and accompanied with the downregulation of ΔNp63α and p57^kip2, but did not change the level of p27^kip1, another CDK inhibitor. By using siRNA transfection and cell migration/invasion assays, we found that knockdown of p57^kip2, but not ΔNp63α, involved in promotion of NPC cell migration and invasion via decrease of phospho‐cofilin (p‐cofilin). Treatment with Y‐27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor, we found that dysregulation of ROCK/cofilin pathway decreased p‐cofilin expression and induced cell migration. This change of p‐cofilin induced actin remodeling and pronounced increase of membrane protrusions. Further, silence of p57^kip2 not only decreased the interaction between p57^kip2 and LIMK‐1 assayed by immunoprecipitation but also reduced the level of phospho‐LIMK1/2. Therefore, this study indicated that dysregulation of p57^kip2 promoted cell migration and invasion through modulation of LIMK/cofilin signaling and suggested this induction of inappropriate cell motility might contribute to promoting tumor cell for metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3459–3468, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Cytotaxonomy of Dubyaea glaucescens (Compositae–Cichorieae)

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Dubyaea glaucescens (Compositae–Cichorieae) should be transferred to the genus Faberia as F. glaucescens. Here, we present cytological evidence for this transfer. Dubyaea glaucescens comprises two ploidy levels, 2n = 34 (diploid) and 2n = 51 (triploid), making the basic chromosome number x = 17. The chromosomes vary in length from 5.82 μm to 2.11 μm, and the karyotypes are 2n = 20m + 14sm (3sat) for the diploid cytotype and 2n = 30m + 21sm (3sat) for the triploid cytotype. Karyological characters of D. glaucescens, including chromosome number, size, morphology, and karyotype asymmetry, all agree remarkably with those reported previously in Faberia, but are distinct from those in other species of Dubyaea. The transfer of D. glaucescens to Faberia is thus strongly corroborated.     

Genetic Heterogeneity Reveals On-Going Speciation and Cryptic Taxonomic Diversity of Stream-Dwelling Gudgeons (Teleostei,Cyprinidae) in the Middle Danubian Hydrosystem (Hungary)

Although stream-dwelling gudgeons (Cyprinidae, genus: Gobio) are widespread in Central Europe, the taxonomy of this group and the distribution of its species are still unexplored in detail. The aims of our study are to ascertain taxonomic composition and distribution of the former Gobio gobio superspecies in the inner area of the Carpathian Basin. Since the presence of cryptic species is suspected in this area, we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Central European Gobio taxa by sequencing the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtCR). Additionally, we characterized the genetic structure of 27 stream-dwelling gudgeon populations of this area by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Results of mtCR analysis proved the presence of three species already known as G. obtusirostris (dominant in NW-Hungary), G. gobio (sporadic) and G. carpathicus (sporadic). Additionally, the analysis revealed the existence of one doubtful taxon, G. sp1 (dominant in NE-Hungary), and a new isolated haplogroup (dominant in SW-Hungary). Although Network analysis showed significant detachment among haplogroups, their genetic distances were quite small. Therefore Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed weak nodal support for the branching pattern both for newly described haplotypes, and for the already accepted species. AFLP data showed distinct population structure and a clear pattern of isolation was revealed by distance of stocks. At the same time, level of separation was not affected by the altitudinal position of sites. Moreover we found three major clusters of populations which were separated according to hydrographic regions, and corresponded to the findings of mtCR analysis. Our results suggest the on-going speciation of gudgeons in the Carpathian Basin, however the separation of haplogroups seems to only be an intermediate phase. The discovered natural pattern seems to be only slightly influenced by anthropogenic impacts. Additionally our results put into question the suitability of the recently accepted within Gobio genus taxonomy.     

Main changes in the new edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature——the “Vienna Code”

The rules that govern scientific naming in botany (including phycology and mycology) are revised at Nomenclature Section meetings at successive International Botanical Congresses. The most recent edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) embodies the decisions of the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna in 2005 and supersedes the Saint Louis Code. This paper presents an account of the main differences between the two Codes, including those related with starting points, effective publication, valid publication, fossil plants, pleomorphic fungi, orthography, and the Appendices.     

ABC-ELISA检测抗HBc的方法及其在临床和流行病学中的初步应用

应用生物素与抗生物素系统酶联免疫吸附试验建立了检测乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清中抗HBc的ABC-ELISA方法并与普通ELISA法进行了比较。结果表明:本法敏感性较普通ELISA法高4倍,阳性检出率提高了42.42％,且具有较好的重复性。将乙肝不同抗原、抗体进行替代试验和用纯化抗HBc-lgG进行抑制试验,证明本法有较高的特异性。将本法制备成试剂盒,并与上海市传染病院,静华公司及科华公司生产的普通ELISA试剂盒进行了比较,结果本试剂盒阳性检出率分别提高了25.00％,45.28％和30.77％。经上海市三个医院临床标本试验表明,本法具有快速、敏感、特异及稳定等优点。从而为抗HBc的检测提供了一种敏感的方法。     

Helicobacter pylori infection reduces the risk of Barrett's esophagus: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Introduction

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) has been decreasing in developed countries, with an increasing prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) at the same time. The aim of our meta‐analysis was to quantify the risk of BE in the context of HPI.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in 3 databases for studies on BE with data on prevalence of HPI from inception until December 2016. Odds ratios for BE in HPI were calculated by the random effects model with subgroup analyses for geographical location, presence of dysplasia in BE, and length of the BE segment.

Results

Seventy‐two studies were included in the meta‐analysis, including 84 717 BE cases and 390 749 controls. The overall analysis showed that HPI reduces the risk of BE; OR = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58‐0.79, P < .001). Subgroup analyses revealed risk reduction in Asia OR = 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33‐0.84, P = .007), Australia OR = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39‐0.80, P = .002), Europe OR = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60‐0.98, P = .035), and North‐America OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.47‐0.74, P < .001). The risk was significantly reduced for dysplastic BE, OR = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.26‐0.51, P < .001) for non‐dysplastic BE, OR = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.35‐0.75, P = .001), and for long segment BE, OR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11‐0.59, P = .001) in case of HPI.

Conclusions

This extensive meta‐analysis provides additional evidence that HPI is associated with reduced risk of BE. Subgroup analyses confirmed that this risk reduction is independent of geographical location. HPI is associated with significantly lower risk of dysplastic, non‐dysplastic, and long segment BE.     

Circulating miR-215-5p and miR-642a-5p as potential biomarker for diagnosis of osteosarcoma in Mexican population

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone neoplasia affecting individuals in the second decade of life. The survival rate has not been improved during the last 25 years, in part because of the lack of specific markers. The microRNAs have been identified as important regulators of gene expression, experimental evidence suggests these molecules as key players in cancer development and progression. To identify miRNAs differentially expressed in serum from patients with osteosarcoma compared to healthy donors in Mexican population. Fifteen osteosarcoma patients and fifteen age and sex matched healthy individuals were recruited. Two pools of total RNA extracted from serum per study group were prepared and the miRNA expression profiles were analyzed through TaqMan Low Density Arrays. Validation was carried out through RT-qPCR using individual TaqMan assays for those miRNAs differentially expressed. Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in osteosarcoma patients compared to healthy controls. Overexpression of miR-215-5p and miR-642a-5p was confirmed by validation through RT-qPCR. The expression analysis of miRNAs from serum in osteosarcoma patients revealed differential expression of miR-215-5p and miR-642a-5p. Both microRNAs are potential markers for osteosarcoma diagnosis.