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51.
José Gutiérrez Rodríguez Marian Rodríguez Piñera Eloy Ortiz Cachero Anabel González Alonso Paloma Pérez Guillén Francisco Luis Jiménez Muela Arsenio Alonso Collada Juan José Solano Jaurrieta 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
Objectives
To study the prevalence of delirium in the residential environment and to analyse the associated clinical, functional and mental factors.Material and methods
A cross-sectional epidemic study was conducted on a population of elderly persons institutionalised in 2011 in 6 nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional (Barthel Index [BI]) and mental (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) variables were collected. Delirium was defined by the Confusion Assessment Method.Results
A total of 505 elderly were included in the study (age 83.30 ± 7.33 years, with 67.70% women), and scores on the MMSE of 17.19 ± 10.35 and a BI score of 55.11 ± 35.82. The prevalence of delirium was 11.70%. On examining the risk of delirium among the studied variables, there was statistical significance when considering: BI, MMSE, dementia, pressure ulcers, or urinary catheter, and the prescribing of clomethiazole, ACTH-I or trazodone. In the analysis of the variables in the logistic regression with BI, diagnosis of dementia, the prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone, in the equation, there was a statistical significance associated with delirium.Conclusions
The prevalence of delirium in a residential environment in our study population was 11.7%. The results show that BI, diagnosis of dementia, and prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone were associated with risk of delirium in institutionalised patients. 相似文献52.
Carlos Fernández-Viadero Eloy Rodríguez Rodríguez Onofre Combarros Pascual Dámaso Crespo Santiago 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
The high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, along with the possibility of new approaches in diagnosis through the use of biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid is shifting the focus to the elderly with dementia or at risk. In this sense it seems important to review the genetic aspects of the elderly with familial Alzheimer's disease as well as those at risk. The wide distribution of genetic studies associated with this condition may also be helpful. To the classical findings of the genes for amyloid, the presenilins and apolipoprotein E, we must add other genes recently implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, among which are found the clusterin gene, encoding the phosphatidyl-inositol-binding clathrin assembly protein gene, and the receptor for the complement C3b protein. 相似文献
53.
Se describe e ilustra como especie nueva a Polianthes zapopanensis
, conocida de la parte centro-sur del estado de Jalisco, México. Por su inflorescencia en forma de racimo, esta especie se
ubica en Polianthes subgénero Bravoa. Las hojas de las plantas en floración no se agrupan para formar una roseta. A diferencia de las especies hasta ahora descritas
tiene el eje de la inflorescencia generalmente ramificado, con una o dos ramas de 6–24 cm de largo, entre el quinto y el octavo
nudos, sus flores son infundibuliformes y crasas. Muestra similitudes morfológicas con Polianthes geminiflora var. geminiflora, P. geminiflora var. clivicola, P. geminiflora var. pueblensis, P. graminifolia y P. oaxacana. Se presenta una clave para la determinación de las especies del estado de Jalisco, México. 相似文献
54.
Ricardo J Eloy Alves Wolfgang Wanek Anna Zappe Andreas Richter Mette M Svenning Christa Schleper Tim Urich 《The ISME journal》2013,7(8):1620-1631
The functioning of Arctic soil ecosystems is crucially important for global climate, and basic knowledge regarding their biogeochemical processes is lacking. Nitrogen (N) is the major limiting nutrient in these environments, and its availability is strongly dependent on nitrification. However, microbial communities driving this process remain largely uncharacterized in Arctic soils, namely those catalyzing the rate-limiting step of ammonia (NH3) oxidation. Eleven Arctic soils were analyzed through a polyphasic approach, integrating determination of gross nitrification rates, qualitative and quantitative marker gene analyses of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and enrichment of AOA in laboratory cultures. AOA were the only NH3 oxidizers detected in five out of 11 soils and outnumbered AOB in four of the remaining six soils. The AOA identified showed great phylogenetic diversity and a multifactorial association with the soil properties, reflecting an overall distribution associated with tundra type and with several physico-chemical parameters combined. Remarkably, the different gross nitrification rates between soils were associated with five distinct AOA clades, representing the great majority of known AOA diversity in soils, which suggests differences in their nitrifying potential. This was supported by selective enrichment of two of these clades in cultures with different NH3 oxidation rates. In addition, the enrichments provided the first direct evidence for NH3 oxidation by an AOA from an uncharacterized Thaumarchaeota–AOA lineage. Our results indicate that AOA are functionally heterogeneous and that the selection of distinct AOA populations by the environment can be a determinant for nitrification activity and N availability in soils. 相似文献
55.
A waste stabilisation pond (WSP) system formed by two anaerobic ponds, a facultative pond and a maturation pond was studied
from December 2003 to September 2004 in north-western Spain in order to evaluate its efficiency in the removal of faecal indicator
bacteria (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci), coliphages, helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). Furthermore, sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the ponds to assess the settling rates and thus determine
the main pathogen removal mechanisms in the WSPs system. The overall removal ranged from 1.4 log units for coliphages in the
cold period to 5.0 log units for E. coli in the hot period. Cryptosporidium oocysts were reduced by an average of 96%, Giardia cysts by 98% and helminth eggs by 100%. The anaerobic ponds showed significantly higher surface removal rates (4.6, 5.2 and
3.7 log (oo)cysts/eggs removed m−2 day−1, respectively) than facultative and maturation ponds. Sunlight and water physicochemical conditions were the main factors
influencing C. parvum oocysts removal both in the anaerobic and maturation ponds, whereas other factors like predation or natural mortality were
more important in the facultative pond. Sedimentation, the most commonly proposed mechanism for cyst removal had, therefore,
a negligible influence in the studied ponds. 相似文献
56.
State of the art in the functioning of shallow Mediterranean lakes: workshop conclusions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meryem Beklioglu Susana Romo Ifigenia Kagalou Xavier Quintana Eloy Bécares 《Hydrobiologia》2007,584(1):317-326
Studies on shallow lakes from the north temperate zone show that they alternate between clear and turbid water states in response
to control factors. However, the ecology of semi-arid to arid shallow Mediterranean lakes is less explored. Hydrological effects
(e.g. water level fluctuations, water residence time) on major ions and nutrient dynamics and processes, and ecology of submerged
macrophytes appear to have a crucial role for food webs in shallow Mediterranean lakes. Nutrient control may be of greater
priority in eutrophicated warm shallow lakes than in similar lakes at higher latitudes. This will be relevant for the implementation
of the European Water Framework Directive, and conservation and management of these ecosystems. Strong trophic cascading effects
of fish resulting from dominance of omnivorous and benthivorous fish species, whose diversity is usually high, together with
frequent spawning and absence of efficient piscivores, seem to be the reason for the lack of large-bodied grazers that could
control phytoplankton. However, such effects may vary within the region depending on fish distribution and community. These
factors need elaboration in order to allow shallow lake ecologists and managers to develop better restoration strategies for
eutrophicated shallow Mediterranean lakes. Consequently, modifications for the implementation of the European Water Framework
Directive for determining ecological status in shallow Mediterranean lakes appear to be necessary. Furthermore, the implications
of climate warming may be even more challenging than in high latitude lakes since shallow lakes in the Mediterranean region
are among the most sensitive to extreme climate changes. There is an urgent need for data on the ecology of shallow lakes
in the region. An appeal is made for international cooperation, development of large-scale research and information exchange
to facilitate this and a web-based discussion list has been implemented. 相似文献
57.
Christiane Santos Matos José Eloy dos Santos Júnior Fernanda Alvarenga Cardoso Medeiros Eliana Furtado Jo?o Carlos Pinto Dias 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(3):374-378
Recognising the importance of Chagas disease in Brazil, Bambuí set up epidemiological
surveillance for Chagas disease in 1974 and was the first municipality to do so. To
ascertain the current epidemiology of Chagas disease in this municipality, 1.782
blood samples from the general population were analysed; 7.7% of samples were found
to be seropositive for Chagas disease. A strong positive correlation between
increasing age and Chagas disease was evident in both genders, with the highest
prevalence in individuals aged over 60 years. Clinically, the cardiodigestive form of
Chagas disease was the most common in these samples. These data confirm the
interruption of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission, in parallel with a
still important residual morbidity of Chagas disease in the county, thus supporting
political decisions that will prioritise epidemiological surveillance and medical
treatment of Chagas disease in the coming years. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
C Grilo J Sousa F Ascensão H Matos I Leitão P Pinheiro M Costa J Bernardo D Reto R Lourenço M Santos-Reis E Revilla 《PloS one》2012,7(9):e43811