Establishment of a subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus in Huh-7 cells and modulation of interferon-regulated factor 3-mediated antiviral response

We describe the development of a selectable, bi-cistronic subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in Huh-7 cells, similar to that established for hepatitis C virus (HCV). The selection marker and reporter (Luc-Ubi-Neo) in the BVDV replicon was fused with the amino-terminal protease N(pro), and expression of the nonstructural proteins (NS3 to NS5B) was driven by an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. This BVDV replicon allows us to compare RNA replication of these two related viruses in a similar cellular background and to identify antiviral molecules specific for HCV RNA replication. The BVDV replicon showed similar sensitivity as the HCV replicon to interferons (alpha, beta, and gamma) and 2'-beta-C-methyl ribonucleoside inhibitors. Known nonnucleoside inhibitor molecules specific for either HCV or BVDV can be easily distinguished by using the parallel replicon systems. The HCV replicon has been shown to block, via the NS3/4A serine protease, Sendai virus-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a key antiviral signaling molecule. Similar suppression of IRF-3-mediated responses was also observed with the Huh-7-BVDV replicon but was independent of NS3/4A protease activity. Instead, the amino-terminal cysteine protease N(pro) of BVDV appears to be, at least partly, responsible for suppressing IRF-3 activation induced by Sendai virus infection. This result suggests that different viruses, including those closely related, may have developed unique mechanisms for evading host antiviral responses. The parallel BVDV and HCV replicon systems provide robust counterscreens to distinguish viral specificity of small-molecule inhibitors of viral replication and to study the interactions of the viral replication machinery with the host cell innate immune system.     

植物根际促生菌（PGPR）的研究与应用前景

植物土传病害难以防治,植物根际促生菌(plant growth—promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)的深入研究和发展为解决这一难题展现了诱人的前景．PGPR能够高密度地在植物根际定殖,兼有抑制植物病原菌、根际有害微生物,以及促进植物生长并增加作物产量的作用,更重要的是有些PGPR能够诱导植物产生系统抗性(induced systemic resistance,ISR),从而提高植物整体的抗病能力．近20年来,国外这一领域的研究十分活跃,已有很多成功应用的PGPR产品,国内应大力加强基础与应用的研究,并推进其产业化的发展．     

Mining Favorable Alleles for Rice Coleoptile Elongation Length Sensitivity to Exogenous Gibberellin Under Submergence Condition

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - High sensitivity of rice coleoptile elongation length to exogenous gibberellin is a beneficial trait to utilize superior rice cultivars that could not be used...     

北方寒冷干旱地区内陆湖泊生态安全评价指标体系研究——以呼伦湖为例

呼伦湖作为我国北方寒冷干旱地区内陆湖泊的典型代表,在涵养水源、调节气候、防风固沙及维系呼伦贝尔草原生态系统平衡乃至我国北方生态安全屏障等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。准确识别呼伦湖流域主要生态安全问题、完善其生态安全评价指标体系对于科学研判呼伦湖生态环境状况、维持区域可持续发展及精准实施底线管控政策具有重要意义。在遥感影像、地面调查、实验模拟等多尺度数据分析基础上,结合历史资料收集、专家咨询、部门访谈等方式分析识别了呼伦湖区域生态安全问题及成因：（1）气候暖干化及超载放牧等因素使得草地退化显著,土地沙化、盐碱化面积扩大;（2）草原退化增加了干草入湖、大气干湿沉降及水土流失等水环境污染负荷;（3）气候暖干化造成湿地萎缩,加之长期的过度捕捞等人类活动使得渔业资源枯竭、鱼类小型化特征显著,水生生态系统稳定性下降,蓝藻水华频发。在全面诊断分析区域生态安全问题的基础上,以山水林田湖草系统方法论为理论指导,以改善呼伦湖流域生态环境质量为核心目标,依据评价指标的针对性、科学性、可操作性及系统性原则,采用压力-状态-响应（Pressure-State-Response,PSR）模型,以气象条件、人口、水资源、水环境压力及人类活动等5个一级指标构成的压力子系统,以水环境状况、水生态状况、陆域生态状况、生态系统服务功能和敏感性、景观格局及生态风险等6个指标构成的状态子系统,以生态治理措施及生态治理投入等2个指标构成的响应子系统,共同组成了一套包含13个一级指标38个二级指标的天空地一体、陆湖统筹的生态安全评价指标体系,以期为呼伦湖及北方寒冷干旱区类似湖泊的生态安全评价研究提供借鉴。     

夷陵地区异质景观对松材线虫病的抵抗力及生态风险分析

以宜昌市夷陵地区为研究区域, 探讨在疫区通过异质性的景观控制松材线虫病扩散流行的方法及当前疫区的生态风险。结合景观生态学和森林保护学理论, 基于松材线虫病生物学特征和现有土地利用类型, 经过重分类, 构建了夷陵区景观格局, 并以景观格局指数为评价指标, 通过空间分析和克里金插值法对夷陵区生态风险进行评价。结果表明, 研究区异质性景观对松材线虫病的相对抵抗力从大到小依次为水域及水利设施景观、人为活动景观、其他林园地景观和耕地景观, 马尾松等针叶林景观最弱。风险评价结果表明夷陵区中部, 沿长江流域带生态风险值较高。预防策略上应通过景观格局的合理配置, 优化土地利用现状、合理规划利用, 采取重点生态保护措施和综合治理对策控制松材线虫病的扩散。     

不同种类氮素对苋菜硝酸盐积累及分配的影响

应用¹⁵N核素示踪技术,研究了不同氮肥种类对苋菜硝酸盐积累与分配的关系及氮素的去向。结果表明:（1）苋菜可食部分中茎较叶更易富集硝酸盐,茎中硝酸盐含量为叶中的1.5倍左右,施用硝态氮肥苋菜叶与茎中的硝酸盐含量都偏高。（2）苋菜硝酸盐主要来源于土壤,达到80%以上,而来自肥料部分不足20%。（3）苋菜施用尿素其肥料利用率达到46.27%,土壤残留氮素达到17.01%,均高于硫铵与硝酸钠,尿素损失率为40.32%,远低于硫铵与硝酸钠,表明施用尿素有利于土壤氮素储量的保持和提高。