High‐Efficiency CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Dopant‐Free Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transporting Layers

CsPbI₂Br is emerging as a promising all‐inorganic material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its more stable lattice structure and moisture resistance compared to CsPbI₃, although its device performance is still much behind this counterpart. Herein, a preannealing process is developed and systematically investigated to achieve high‐quality CsPbI₂Br films by regulating the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite. The preannealing temperature and time are specifically optimized for a dopant‐free poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)‐based device to target dopant‐induced drastic performance degradation for spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices. The resulting P3HT‐based device exhibits comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices but much enhanced ambient stability with over 95% PCE after 1300 h. A diphenylamine derivative is introduced as a buffer layer to improve the energy‐level mismatch between CsPbI₂Br and P3HT. A record‐high PCE of 15.50% for dopant‐free P3HT‐based CsPbI₂Br PSCs is achieved by alleviating the open‐circuit voltage loss with the buffer layer. These results demonstrate that the preannealing processing together with a suitable buffer layer are applicable strategies for developing dopant‐free P3HT PSCs with high efficiency and stability.     

Upscale production of (R)-mandelic acid with a stereospecific nitrilase in an aqueous system

(R)-Mandelic acid (R-MA) is a key precursor for the synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillin, cephalosporin, anti-obesity drugs, antitumor agents, and chiral resolving agents for the resolution of racemic alcohols and amines. In this study, an enzymatic method for the large-scale production of R-MA by a stereospecific nitrilase in an aqueous system was developed. The nitrilase activity of the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/pET-Nit whole cells reached 138.6 U/g in a 20,000-L fermentor. Using recombinant E. coli cells as catalyst, 500 mM R,S-mandelonitrile (R,S-MN) was resolved into 426 mM (64.85 g/L) R-MA within 8 h, and the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of R-MA reached 99%. During the purification process, pure R-MA with a recovery rate of 78.8% was obtained after concentration and crystallization. This study paved the foundation for the upscale production of R-MA using E. coli whole cells as biocatalyst.

     

乌司他丁对非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的心肺保护作用研究

目的:探讨乌司他丁对非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的心肺保护作用。方法:选取2017年12月-2019年4月我院收治的非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者76例,根据使用的药物不同分为两组,对照组应用常规方法,研究组应用乌司他丁,在麻醉之后切皮之前为T1,旁路血管开放时时间点为T2,手术结束为T3,手术之后的8 h为T4。比较两组治疗前后的心肺功能指标、动脉血气分析及血浆炎症因子、氧合指数术后恢复。结果:和T1进行对比时,两组T3、T4中的气道阻力(Air way Resistance,Raw)、呼吸指数(Respiratory Index,RI)、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差P(A-a)DO2均有所升高,在T2、T4中(PVR)有所升高,在T2、T3、T4中肺顺应性(Compliance of Lung,CL)有所降低。和对照组进行对比时,研究组在T3、T4中肺循环阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR)、RI、P(A-a)DO2有所降低,在T2、T3、T4中通气死腔百分比(VD/VT)有所降低(P0.05),在T2中CL有所升高(P0.05);治疗前,两组BNP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后BNP、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8 (Interleukin-8,IL-8)在T1、T2、T3、T4中低于对照组(P0.05),肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTnI)在T1中和对照组没有明显差异(P0.05),T2、T3、T4中研究组明显低于对照组(P0.05),研究组氧合指数高于对照组(P0.05);研究组T1、T2、T3、T4时平均动脉压(mean artery pressure,MBP)均高于对照组(P0.05),T1、T2、T3、T4时心率均低于对照组(P0.05);研究组ICU停留时间、ICU带气管插管时间、ICU机械通气时间、肺部并发症均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁用于非停跳冠脉搭桥术的效果较好,可以保护患者的心肺功能。     

水稻根系遗传育种研究进展

根系作为水稻(Oryza sativa)植株的重要组成部分, 在水稻生长发育过程中发挥多种作用, 包括植物的固定、水分和营养物质的获取以及氨基酸和激素的生物合成等, 其形态结构和生理功能与水稻产量和稻米品质以及抗性等密切相关。目前, 通过遗传及生化等诸多手段, 已挖掘到较多水稻根系QTLs与控制基因。该文综述了水稻根系QTL和基因的研究进展, 并对未来根系研究进行展望, 以期为进一步克隆水稻根系基因和完善水稻理想株型模型提供参考。     

Loci and candidate gene identification for soybean resistance to Phytophthora root rot race 1 in combination with association and linkage mapping

Molecular Breeding - Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is one of the main diseases of maize, which greatly reduces production and causes millions of dollars in losses worldwide annually....     

QuiC2 represents a functionally distinct class of dehydroshikimate dehydratases identified in Listeria species including Listeria monocytogenes

Many Listeria species including L. monocytogenes contain the pathway for the biosynthesis of protocatechuate from shikimate and quinate. The qui1 and qui2 operons within these Listeria spp. encode enzymes for this pathway. The diversion of shikimate pathway intermediates in some Listeria species to produce protocatechuate suggests an important biological role for this compound to these organisms. A total of seven ORFs, including quiC2, were identified within qui1 and qui2, however only three proteins encoded by the operons have been functionally annotated. The final step in Listeria's protocatechuate biosynthesis involves the conversion of dehydroshikimate by a dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD). In this study, we demonstrate that QuiC2 functions as a DSD in Listeria spp. through biochemical and structural analyses. Moreover, we show that QuiC2 forms a phylogenetic cluster distinct from other functionally annotated DSDs. The individual phylogenetic clusters of DSD are represented by enzymes that produce protocatechuate for distinct biological processes. Similarly, QuiC2 is expected to produce protocatechuate for a novel biological process. We postulate that protocatechuate produced by DSDs found within the QuiC2 phylogenetic cluster provides an ecological niche for representative organisms.     

NbALY916 is involved in potato virus X P25-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana

Systemic necrosis often occurs during viral infection of plants and is thought mainly to be the result of long-term stress induced by viral infection. Potato virus X (PVX) encodes the P25 pathogenicity factor that triggers a necrotic reaction during PVX-potato virus Ysynergistic coinfection. In this study, we discovered that NbALY916, a multifunctional nuclear protein, could interact with P25. When NbALY916 expression was reduced by tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing, the accumulation of P25 was increased, which would be expected to cause more severe necrosis. However, silencing of NbALY916 reduced the extent of cell death caused by P25. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of NbALY916 increased the accumulation of H₂O₂ and triggered more extensive cell death when coexpressed with P25, even though accumulation of P25 was itself reduced by the increased expression of NbALY916. Furthermore, transient expression of P25 specifically induced the expression of NbALY916 mRNA, but not the mRNAs of three other ALYs in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, we showed that silencing of NbALY916 or transient overexpression of NbALY916 affected the infection of PVX in N. benthamiana. Our results reveal that NbALY916 has an antiviral role that, in the case of PVX, operates by inducing the accumulation of H₂O₂ and mediating the degradation of P25.