板栗枝插生根试验

促使枝插生根是板栗营养繁殖最有希望的方法之一,因其方法简便,同时又解决了由于板栗嫁接时常遇到的砧穗不亲和的问题。 试材为‘AU—Cropper’、‘AU—Homestead’和‘AU—Leader’三个板栗品种。插条采自植株成熟部位经修剪诱发的健壮副梢上抽生的春梢,剪取其顶部和基部枝条,长15—20厘米;此外,从植株未修剪的成熟部位,剪取当年生春梢(带有2—3厘米长的去年生枝)。插条上的叶片,仅留顶部2—3片,余者剪除,然后在近轴末端的     

Cytogenetic Mapping of Enzyme Loci on Chromosomes J and U of DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Enzyme loci located on chromosome J and U were mapped cytologically by means of a Y translocation technique. A linkage map of the two chromosomes was established in a parallel experiment and the recombination frequency in different regions of the chromosomes determined. A comparison of the cytogenetic localization of the enzyme genes in D. subobscura and D. melanogaster indicates that many paracentric inversions must have taken place in the course of divergent evolution. However, no displacements of genes from one element to another due to pericentric inversions, reciprocal translocations or transposing elements can be observed. In spite of the large number of structural rearrangements that have occurred in the phylogeny of the genus Drosophila, gross similarities of banding pattern in homologous regions of the chromosomes of the two species become apparent.     

An adaptive control algorithm for fed-batch culture

The implementation of adaptive control for a fed-batch culture in order to maximize the output of product based on a self-adjusting model is discussed in the present work. Optimization methods were applied to the generalized mathematical model of a fed-batch fermentation process to determine control algorithms that could be used for on-line process control. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive algorithms was investigated by simulating a model system. The model of amylotytic enzyme fermentation that was proposed by the authors was taken from a real process. Dynamic modelling has shown that the main problem of realization is connected with the on-line identification of the adaptive model's parameters. To avoid this problem, we have introduced special limitations on the parameters' time variations that increased the convergence of the identification algorithm. The results of the investigation have shown the efficiency of the proposed adaptive algorithms, and the results of this work should be investigated for real process control.     

甲型肝炎病毒对理化因子的稳定性

用放射免疫成斑法研究了甲型肝炎病毒FM-175株的理化稳定性和灭活条件,证明甲型肝炎病毒理化稳定性与其它肠道病毒相似,具有广范围的pH(2～10)稳定性;Mg~(++)和Ca可增强其热稳定性,不能抵抗冷冻干燥,但对热的抵抗力明显高于普通肠道病毒,可被紫外线迅速杀灭,也可被多种消毒剂如3～8％的甲醛液,50～90％的乙醇,2％的石炭酸及400ppm的有效氯等杀灭,但可抵抗0.1％甲醛液,2～5％的来苏儿及200ppm的有效氯1小时以上,本研究工作为甲型肝炎病毒的理化性状、保存及消毒条件等提供了实验数据。     

抗菌活性、细菌耐药性和抗菌药理学使用新药剂能否收到费用效益?

详细阅读了专门论述抗菌剂和传染病化疗的各种杂志,可以看出专门论述抗菌剂的药理学分析以及抗菌活性与药理学性质的关系的文章在不断增加。然而,在过去的十年里最引人注目的抗菌剂药理动力学性质已集中到这些抗菌剂的毒性上,并在改进这些药剂的服法上已做了些工作。在低浓度下仍有很大活性,而且明显地延长了半衰期的无毒性抗生素的有效性促使我们重     

能源植物——乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula)

乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula)是一种侵扰草场或荒地的多年生有毒杂草,它分布于美国北部大平原。本文的研究目的是在最适的生长条件下,测定它产生的潜在能量。在施肥和灌溉后,分三次收割,测量计算油、碳氢化物和干物质的所有数据,并把乳浆大戟作为一种燃料进行测量、分析它潜在的热能。并测定12个品系(Strains)的碳氢化物含量,以研究其遗传变异特性。由于增加施肥量,干物质的产量比未经施肥的多一倍,但其中油和碳氢化物含量的百分比没受影响。在干物质中,油和碳氢化物平均值,分别为6.8％和0.6％。在七月中旬的收获期得到的植物生长量(Biomass)、蛋白质和碳氢化物的含量最多。在后期生长中,油的含量不断提高。全部蛋白质产量平均为12％。整株植物的全部生物量的热量值是每克4407卡,而油的热量值为每克10,019卡。乳浆大戟干草每年产生的能量比小麦杆产生的能量多四倍。建议乳浆大戟植株的全部生物量作为当地的燃料作物,直接用于家庭取暖。     

Effects of experimental Trypanosoma vivax infection on first-, second-, and third-trimester pregnancy in heifers

The effects of Trypanosoma vivax on pregnancy were studied in 18 heifers. The heifers were bred by a proven bull and divided into three groups of six heifers each. In the first group, four heifers were infected with T . vivax on Day 60 (first trimester) of pregnancy; two other pregnant heifers were uninfected controls. The second and third groups were similarly infected in the fourth (second trimester) and seventh (third trimester) month of pregnancy. One infected heifer in the first-trimester group aborted 39 days postinfection (p.i.); the remaining three had relatively normal gestation and parturition. In the second-trimester group, the pregnancies were carried to term with normal deliveries. In the third-trimester group, three infected heifers (75%) had premature deliveries while the fourth died about three hours after the full-term calf was pulled out. All of the control heifers had normal gestation and parturition. No gross abnormalities were seen in the placentae of the infected heifers, but histological sections of the heifers infected in the third trimester of pregnancy revealed more mononuclear cells than in those of the uninfected controls. Postmortem examination of the dead premature calves showed lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, serous atrophy of perirenal and pelvic fat, epicardial petechiae, and blood-tinged peritoneal and pericardial fluids. Histologically, there were slight myocardial haemorrhages and edema. T. vivax was recovered from the blood of one of the premature calves. Both birth weights and PCV were affected by the experimental maternal infection in the first- and third-trimester calves. The birth weights and PCV of calves of infected dams were lower than those for the calves of the control heifers. This work therefore demonstrates transplacental transmission of T. vivax in heifers.     

Assembly of cyanobacterial and higher plant ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase subunits into functional homologous and heterologous enzyme molecules in Escherichia coli

The genes for the large (rbcL) and small (rbcS) subunits of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBPCase) from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 6301, and the rbcS gene of wheat, have been expressed in Escherichia coli in order to study homologous and heterologous enzyme assembly. Synechococcus L subunits expressed in E. coli in the absence of S subunits assemble into oligomeric structures without detectable enzyme activity. Co-expression of L and S subunits, achieved after infection with an M13 recombinant phage containing the rbcS gene, restores enzyme activity, thus demonstrating the essential role of S in the formation of an active RuBPCase. The S subunit, however, is neither required for the solubility nor for the assembly of the L subunits into oligomeric forms. The specific activity of the homologous Synechococcus RuBPCase can be modulated by changing the intracellular pool size of S by phage infection. Heterologous assembly between L subunits of Synechococcus and S subunits of wheat can be demonstrated and results in a functional enzyme. The hybrid RuBPCase has approximately 10% of the activity of the homologous Synechococcus enzyme.