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81.
GMDD: a database of GMO detection methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei Dong Litao Yang Kailin Shen Banghyun Kim Gijs A Kleter Hans JP Marvin Rong Guo Wanqi Liang Dabing Zhang 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):260
Background
Since more than one hundred events of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been developed and approved for commercialization in global area, the GMO analysis methods are essential for the enforcement of GMO labelling regulations. Protein and nucleic acid-based detection techniques have been developed and utilized for GMOs identification and quantification. However, the information for harmonization and standardization of GMO analysis methods at global level is needed. 相似文献82.
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Antonio Naranjo Tuulikki Sokka Miguel A Descalzo Jaime Calvo-Alén Kim H?rslev-Petersen Reijo K Luukkainen Bernard Combe Gerd R Burmester Joe Devlin Gianfranco Ferraccioli Alessia Morelli Monique Hoekstra Maria Majdan Stefan Sadkiewicz Miguel Belmonte Ann-Carin Holmqvist Ernest Choy Recep Tunc Aleksander Dimic Martin Bergman Sergio Toloza Theodore Pincus the QUEST-RA Group 《Arthritis research & therapy》2008,10(2):R30
Introduction
We analyzed the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its association with traditional CV risk factors, clinical features of RA, and the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in a multinational cross-sectional cohort of nonselected consecutive outpatients with RA (The Questionnaires in Standard Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Program, or QUEST-RA) who were receiving regular clinical care.Methods
The study involved a clinical assessment by a rheumatologist and a self-report questionnaire by patients. The clinical assessment included a review of clinical features of RA and exposure to DMARDs over the course of RA. Comorbidities were recorded; CV morbidity included myocardial infarction, angina, coronary disease, coronary bypass surgery, and stroke. Traditional risk factors recorded were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, physical inactivity, and body mass index. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CV morbidity were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results
Between January 2005 and October 2006, the QUEST-RA project included 4,363 patients from 48 sites in 15 countries; 78% were female, more than 90% were Caucasian, and the mean age was 57 years. The prevalence for lifetime CV events in the entire sample was 3.2% for myocardial infarction, 1.9% for stroke, and 9.3% for any CV event. The prevalence for CV risk factors was 32% for hypertension, 14% for hyperlipidemia, 8% for diabetes, 43% for ever-smoking, 73% for physical inactivity, and 18% for obesity. Traditional risk factors except obesity and physical inactivity were significantly associated with CV morbidity. There was an association between any CV event and age and male gender and between extra-articular disease and myocardial infarction. Prolonged exposure to methotrexate (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89), leflunomide (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79), sulfasalazine (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98), glucocorticoids (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), and biologic agents (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.81; P < 0.05) was associated with a reduction of the risk of CV morbidity; analyses were adjusted for traditional risk factors and countries.Conclusion
In conclusion, prolonged use of treatments such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, glucocorticoids, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers appears to be associated with a reduced risk of CV disease. In addition to traditional risk factors, extra-articular disease was associated with the occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients with RA. 相似文献84.
Background
Comparative genomic data among organisms allow the reconstruction of their phylogenies and evolutionary time scales. Molecular timings have been recently used to suggest that environmental global change have shaped the evolutionary history of diverse terrestrial organisms. Living xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters and sloths) constitute an ideal model for studying the influence of past environmental changes on species diversification. Indeed, extant xenarthran species are relicts from an evolutionary radiation enhanced by their isolation in South America during the Tertiary era, a period for which major climate variations and tectonic events are relatively well documented. 相似文献85.
JP Herv s J. Martí -Clú a A. Mu oz-Garcí a MC Santa-Cruz 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2002,77(1):27-35
We have optimised an indirect immunoperoxidase technique demonstrating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into dividing cells for cerebellar tissue sections of four-day-old rats injected with this marker. This permits confident identification of granule-cell precursors engaged in DNA synthesis in the external granular layer of the developing cerebellum. Preservation of BrdU immunoreactivity is attained using methanol/acetic acid fixation and different pretreatments before immunostaining, while unlabeled nuclei can be recognized clearly after Feulgen or hematoxylin counterstaining. We established conditions to ensure satisfactory BrdU uptake without affecting cell-cycle progression during the postlabeling time period. The dose of BrdU employed provides saturation S-phase labeling from at least 1 h after BrdU delivery. Various kinetic parameters and phase durations have been determined in experiments involving a single injection or cumulative labeling sequences, and the cycle time was calculated based on two models of generative behavior: steady-state and exponential growth. The working hypothesis of steadystate kinetics can be adopted successfully if the existence of neuroblasts with different proliferation rates is taken into account. 相似文献
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88.
Castagnone-Sereno P; Semblat JP; Leroy F; Abad P 《Molecular biology and evolution》1998,15(9):1115-1122
A highly abundant satellite DNA comprising 20% of the Meloidogyne fallax
(Nematoda, Tylenchida) genome was cloned and sequenced. The satellite
monomer is 173 bp long and has a high A + T content of 72.3%, with frequent
runs of A's and T's. The sequence variability of the monomers is 2.7%,
mainly due to random distribution of single-point mutations. A search for
evidence of internal repeated subunits in the monomer sequence revealed a
6-bp motif (AAATTT) for which five degenerated repeats, differing by just a
single base pair, could be identified. Pairwise comparison of the M. fallax
satellite with those from the sympatric species Meloidogyne chitwoodi and
Meloidogyne hapla revealed a high sequence similarity (68.39%) with one
satellite DNA subfamily in M. chitwoodi, which indicated an unexpected
close relationship between them. Given the high copy number and the extreme
sequence homogeneity among monomeric units, it may be assumed that the
satellite DNA of M. fallax could have evolved through some recent and
extensive amplification burst in the nematode genome. In this case, its
relatively short life would not yet have allowed the accumulation of random
mutations in independent amplified repeats. Considering the morphological
resemblance between the two species and their ability to produce
interspecific fertile hybrids under controlled conditions, these results
indicate that M. fallax may share a common ancestor with M. chitwoodi, from
which it could have diverged recently. All these data suggest that M.
fallax could be the result of a recent speciation process and show that
Meloidogyne satellite DNAs may be of interest to resolve phylogenetic
relationships among closely related species from this genus.
相似文献
89.
E Combe E Debras 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1976,170(2):368-374
Intestinal tissues are found to incorporate L threonine 14CU at faster rate in the absence of microflora. Most of the radioactivity of the digestive contents occurs in the TCA soluble compounds, except in the coecum and large intestine of the conventional rats where the microflora synthetized its own proteins from the labelled digestive material. Free threonine is the main labelled soluble compound in the conventional rats digestive contents. In the other hand, in the germfree rats digestive contents, radioactivity of the other compounds is found in higher concentration than free threonine. 相似文献
90.