Correlation between cell wall extensibility and the content of diferulic and ferulic acids in cell walls of Oryza sativa coleoptiles grown under water and in air

Rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) coleoptiles grown under water achieved greater length than those grown either in air or under water with constant air bubbling. The extensibility of cell walls in coleoptiles grown under water was larger than that in the other treatments. Per unit length of the coleoptile, the content of ferulic and diferulic acids ester-linked to hemicelluloses was higher in air and bubbling type coleoptiles than in water type ones. The extensibility of the coleoptile cell walls correlated with the content of diferulic acids per unit length and per hemicellulose, suggesting that the enhancement of the formation of diferulic acid bridges in hemicelluloses in air or under water with air bubbling makes the cell walls mechanically rigid; thereby inhibiting cell elongation in rice coleoptiles. In addition, the ratio of diferulic acid to ferulic acid was almost constant irrespective of coleoptile age, zone and growth conditions, suggesting that the feruloylation of hemicelluloses is rate-limiting in the formation of diferulic acid bridges in the cell walls of rice coleoptiles.     

Role of magnesium in combination with liming in alleviating acid-soil stress with the aluminium-sensitive sorghum genotype CV323

An experiment to study the effects of Mg nutrition on root and shoot development of the Al-sensitive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotype CV323 grown in pots of sandy loam under different acid soil stress is reported. This experiment had a factorial design: four rates of liming were combined with four rates of Mg fertilization. When no Mg was added, the pH of the soil solutions (collected in ceramic cups) increased from 4.0 (unlimed) to 4.2, 4.7 and 5.9 at the increasing rates of liming. After 30 days of growth dry matter yields of the limed treatments were 40%, 115% and 199% higher than that of the unlimed treatment. Without liming and at the highest liming rate, adding Mg did not affect plant biomass significantly. At the two intermediate levels of liming, however, 11.3 mg extra Mg per kg soil increased dry matter yield to the same levels as found at the highest liming rate. Concentrations of Mg in the soil solution rose after Mg was added and fell when lime was added, but adding both Mg and lime increased Mg concentrations in the plant shoots. In plants of the limed treatments, dry matter yield was correlated closely with the Mg concentration in the shoot. This was not so in the unlimed treatment. Furthermore, in the unlimed treatments root development was inhibited, but reduced Mg uptake by the plants resulted mainly from the direct effect of Al- (or H-) ions in the soil solution rather than from impaired root development. It is concluded that Mg fertilization counteracted the interfering effects of Al- and H ions on Mg uptake.     

Overnight (1 mg) dexamethasone suppression testing reliably distinguishes non-cushingoid obesity from Cushing's syndrome.

To determine the sensitivity of the overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test in diagnosing Cushing's syndrome, we evaluated the cortisol responses of 55 subjects (25 non-obese individuals with body mass index less than 25 kg/m2, 20 obese individuals with body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2, and 10 patients with surgically proven Cushing's syndrome) following ingestion of 1 mg dexamethasone at midnight. The basal 8 AM plasma cortisol levels among non-obese and obese individuals and patients with Cushing's syndrome were 310 +/- 85, 377 +/- 91, and 813 +/- 270 nmol/L, respectively. Following 1 mg of dexamethasone, Cushing's syndrome patients showed minimal suppression of cortisol to 609 +/- 180 nmol/L (P = 0.79). Non-obese and obese individuals suppressed to 18.7 +/- 6.0 nmol/L (P less than 0.001) and 22 +/- 7.1 nmol/L (P = 0.003), respectively. The results demonstrated similar cortisol responses to overnight dexamethasone suppression in obese and non-obese groups, and clearly distinguished these subjects from those with Cushing's syndrome. Obesity is not a confounding factor in the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test.     

Purification and characterization of an endopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2.

An endopeptidase has been purified to homogeneity from a crude cell extract of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 by a procedure that includes diethyl-aminoethane-Sephacel chromatography, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and fast protein liquid chromatography over an anion-exchange column and a hydrophobic-interaction column. Gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a molecular mass of the purified enzyme of 70,000 Da. The endopeptidase can degrade several oligopeptides into various tetra-, tri-, and dipeptides. The endopeptidase has no aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase, or tripeptidase activity. It is optimally active at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and in the temperature range of 30 to 38 degrees C. The enzyme is inactivated by the chemical agents 1,10-phenanthroline, ethylenedinitrilotetraacetate, beta-mercaptoethanol, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and is inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+. The ethylenedinitrilotetraacetate- or 1,10-phenanthroline-treated enzyme can be reactivated by Co2+. Immunoblotting with specific antibodies raised against the purified endopeptidase indicated that the enzyme is also present in other Lactococcus spp., as well as in Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus.     

Analysis of Pteridium ribosomal RNA sequences by rapid direct sequencing

A total of 864 bases from 5 regions interspersed in the 18S and 26S rRNA molecules from various clones of Pteridium covering the general geographical distribution of the genus was analysed using a rapid rRNA sequencing technique. No base difference has been detected amongst the three major lineages, two of which apparently separated before the breakup of the ancient supercontinent, Pangaea. These regions of the rRNA sequences have thus been conserved for at least 160 million years and are here compared with other eukaryotic, especially plant rRNAs.     

The somitogenetic potential of cells in the primitive streak and the tail bud of the organogenesis-stage mouse embryo.

The developmental potency of cells isolated from the primitive streak and the tail bud of 8.5- to 13.5-day-old mouse embryos was examined by analyzing the pattern of tissue colonization after transplanting these cells to the primitive streak of 8.5-day embryos. Cells derived from these progenitor tissues contributed predominantly to tissues of the paraxial and lateral mesoderm. Cells isolated from older embryos could alter their segmental fate and participated in the formation of anterior somites after transplantation to the primitive streak of 8.5-day host embryo. There was, however, a developmental lag in the recruitment of the transplanted cells to the paraxial mesoderm and this lag increased with the extent of mismatch of developmental ages between donor and host embryos. It is postulated that certain forms of cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction are involved in the specification of segmental units and that there may be age-related variations in the interactive capability of the somitic progenitor cells during development. Tail bud mesenchyme isolated from 13.5-day embryos, in which somite formation will shortly cease, was still capable of somite formation after transplantation to 8.5-day embryos. The cessation of somite formation is therefore likely to result from a change in the tissue environment in the tail bud rather than a loss of cellular somitogenetic potency.     

室温下有取向紫膜薄层中菌紫质的光静态

在室温条件下有取向PM薄层中的RR分子受光照可以建立多种PSS,这些PSS的建立与湿度和光照所采用的波长等因素有关。不同的PSS有不同的VCD。它们可以在设计制作分子器件时考虑使用。     

用2DNMR鉴定倍半萜多元酯的结构

利用2DNMR结合其他波谱方法从苦皮藤种子油中鉴定了2个新倍半萜多元酯,它们分别是1α-苯甲酰氧-8β-烟酰氧-9α、11β-2乙酰氧-β-二氢沉香呋喃,1β-苯甲酰氧-2α、8β、9α、11β-4乙酰氧-β-二氢沉香呋喃,命名为苦皮藤酯2和3。     

Transformation of trichloroethylene by sulfate-reducing cultures enriched from a contaminated subsurface soil

Summary Trichloroethylene (TCE) was reductively dechlorinated to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) by sulfate-reducing cultures enriched from a contaminated subsurface soil. The highest observed transformation rate of TCE was 213 mol l^–1 per day at 35° C. The predominant biotransformation product was cDCE. However, further dechlorination of cDCE was not observed in most of the cultures. Methane production was insignificant and active sulfate reduction was achieved by maintaining excess sulfate. A comparison of sodium sulfide and sodium dithionite for their effect on the transformation of TCE revealed that the latter is a better reducing agent. The extent of TCE transformation in 25 days was ca. 20% higher in the dithionite-amended cultures. A decrease in the rate and extent of TCE transformation was observed with an increase in the concentration of bromoethanesulfonate up to 50 mabetm. Offprint requests to: S. G. Pavlostathis