基于专利分析的生物传感器发展态势研究*

生物传感器将固定化的生物敏感材料作为识别元件,具有体积小、专一性强、响应快、准确度高等特点,市场应用前景广阔。近年来,生物传感器技术发展迅速,研究成果不断涌现。为更好地了解我国生物传感器研究现状,进一步促进生物传感器行业健康快速发展,基于IncoPat专利数据库,利用ITGinsight作为文献分析工具,对全球范围内生物传感器领域的总体研究态势、区域布局、技术构成及研究热点等方面进行专利分析,并对核心专利进行识别。结果表明,我国生物传感器领域的专利数量排在世界前列,但科研实力存在区域分布不均衡、企业研发实力不强、关键核心技术不足等问题。针对这些问题,提出我国生物传感器技术的未来发展策略。     

异三聚体G蛋白调控植物生长发育功能研究进展北大核心CSCD

异三聚体GTP结合蛋白(G蛋白)是介导真核生物生长发育及逆境响应的关键信号传导组分。动物和植物异三聚体G蛋白由α、β、γ三个亚基组成。近来研究表明,尽管G蛋白核心组分和基本的生化性质在动物和植物中保守,但植物G蛋白表现出新的调控模式。由于G蛋白参与调控植物种子产量、器官大小、生物和非生物胁迫、氮素利用效率等一系列重要的农艺性状,因此对于G蛋白的研究已经成为植物学领域的研究热点。该文对近年来国内外有关植物异三聚体G蛋白的基本组成及结构、动植物G蛋白的作用模式以及G蛋白在植物生长发育过程中的调控作用和植物在逆境胁迫(干旱、温度和盐)响应中的功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,为今后开展植物G蛋白的相关研究提供参考以及为利用G蛋白改良农作物提供理论基础。     

中国生物多样性核心监测指标遥感产品体系构建与思考

生物多样性的稳定维持关乎人类生存发展与地球健康。生物多样性核心监测指标(Essential Biodiversity Variables, EBVs)旨在结合地面调查与遥感技术, 为大尺度、长时间序列的生物多样性监测提供新的解决方案。然而, 目前学界仍然缺乏一套国家尺度标准化EBVs遥感监测产品数据集, 以进行生物多样性评估。本研究旨在对中国生物多样性核心监测指标遥感产品进行体系构建与思考, 首先综述了目前EBVs的遥感研究概况, 并根据EBVs研究文献的数量进行调研分析; 同时, 本文在已有遥感生物多样性产品优先标准的基础上, 添加了“可重复性”的新标准, 并据此构建了中国EBVs遥感产品体系与监测数据集的指标清单, 最终对中国EBVs遥感研究存在的问题进行思考与讨论。本研究可为中国的生物多样性遥感监测提供科学依据, 有望为中国生物多样性政策的制定提供支撑。     

Albumin uptake and distribution in the zebrafish liver as observed via correlative imaging

Although liver transport routes have been extensively studied in rodents, live imaging under in situ and in vivo conditions of large volumes is still proven to be difficult. In this study, we took advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish and their small size to explore their usefulness for correlative imaging studies and liver transport experimentations. First, we assessed the micro-architecture of the zebrafish liver and compared its fine structure to the rodent and humans’ literature. Next, we investigated the transport routes and cellular distribution of albumin using combined and correlative microscopy approaches. These methods permitted us to track the injected proteins at different time points through the process of liver uptake and clearance of albumin.We demonstrate strong structural and functional resemblance between the zebrafish liver and its rodents and humans’ counterparts. In as short as 5?min post-injection, albumin rapidly accumulated within the LSECs. Furthermore, albumin entered the space of Disse where it initially accumulated then subsequently was taken up by the hepatocytes. We propose the zebrafish as a viable alternative experimental model for hepatic transport studies, allowing swift multimodal imaging and direct quantification on the hepatic distribution of supramolecular complexes of interest.     

Expression and functional analysis of flotillins in Dugesia japonica

FLOTILLIN-1 and FLOTILLIN-2 are membrane rafts associated proteins that have been implicated in insulin and growth factor signaling, endocytosis, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane trafficking. Furthermore, FLOTILLINs also play important roles in the progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the roles of flotillins are investigated in planarian Dugesia japonica. The results show that Djflotillin-1 and Djflotillin-2 play a key role in homeostasis maintenance and regeneration process by regulating the proliferation of the neoblast cells, they are not involved in the maintenance and regeneration of the central nervous system in planarians.     

Circulating exosomal CPNE3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer

Exosomal proteins are emerging as relevant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. This study was aimed at illustrating the clinical significance of exosomal Copine III (CPNE3) purified from the plasma of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The CPNE3 expression levels in CRC tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma exosomes were isolated to examine the CPNE3 level using ELISA. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to investigate the CPNE3 levels between CRC tissues and matched plasma samples. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was developed to measure the diagnostic performance of exosomal CPNE3. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model were utilized to determine statistical differences in survival times. CPNE3 showed increased expressions in the CRC tissues. A moderately significant correlation was found between CPNE3 expression in CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry and matched serum exosomal CPNE3 expression by ELISA (r = 0.645,(r = 0.645, p < 0.001). < 0.001). Exosomal CPNE3 yielded a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 84.4% in CRC at the cutoff value of 0.143 pg per 1ug1 ug exosome. Combined data from carcinoembryonic antigen and exosomal CPNE3 achieved 84.8% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity as a diagnostic tool. CRC patients with lower exosomal CPNE3 levels had substantially better disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–6.4; p = 0.009) = 0.009) and overall survival (HR, 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–9.9; p = 0.026) = 0.026) compared with those with higher exosomal CPNE3 levels. Exosomal CPNE3 show potential implications in CRC diagnosis and prognosis.