全文获取类型
收费全文 | 577篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1943年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有630条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
11.
Nucleotide variation at the hypervariable esterase 6 isozyme locus of Drosophila simulans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Esterase 6 (Est-6/EST6) is polymorphic in both Drosophila melanogaster and
D. simulans for two common allozyme forms, as well as for several other
less common variants. Parallel latitudinal clines in the frequencies of the
common EST6-F and EST6-S allozymes in these species have previously been
interpreted in terms of a shared amino acid polymorphism that distinguishes
the two variants and is subject to selection. Here we compare the sequences
of four D. simulans Est-6 isolates and show that overall estimates of
nucleotide heterozygosity in both coding and 5' flanking regions are more
than threefold higher than those obtained previously for this gene in D.
melanogaster. Nevertheless, the ratio of replacement to exon silent-site
polymorphism in D. simulans is less than the ratio of replacement to silent
divergence between D. simulans and D. melanogaster, which could be the
result of increased efficiency of selection against replacement
polymorphisms in D. simulans or to divergent selection between the two
species. We also find that the amino acid polymorphisms separating EST6- F
and EST6-S in D. simulans are not the same as those that separate these
allozymes in D. melanogaster, implying that the shared clines do not
reflect shared molecular targets for selection. All comparisons within and
between the two species reveal a remarkable paucity of variation in a
stretch of nearly 400 bp immediately 5' of the gene, indicative of strong
selective constraint to retain essential aspects of Est-6 promoter
function.
相似文献
12.
Mutation rates are generally thought not to be influenced by selective forces. This doctrine rests on the results of certain classical studies of the mutations that make bacteria resistant to phages and antibiotics. We have studied a strain of Escherichia coli which constitutively expresses a lacI-lacZ fusion containing a frameshift mutation that renders it Lac-. Reversion to Lac+ is a rare event during exponential growth but occurs in stationary cultures when lactose is the only source of energy. No revertants accumulate in the absence of lactose, or in the presence of lactose if there is another, unfulfilled requirement for growth. The mechanism for such mutation in stationary phase is not known, but it requires some function of RecA which is apparently not required for mutation during exponential growth. 相似文献
13.
Estimating ecotoxicological risk and impact using indigenous aquatic microbial communities 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Emphasis has increased on accuracy in predicting the effect that anthropogenic stress has on natural ecosystems. Although toxicity tests low in environmental realism, such as standardized single species procedures, have been useful in providing a certain degree of protection to human health and the environment, the accuracy of such tests for predicting the effects of anthropogenic activities on complex ecosystems is questionable. The use of indigenous communities of microorganisms to assess the hazard of toxicants in aquatic ecosystems has many advantages. Theoretical and practical aspects of microbial community tests are discussed, particularly in related to widely cited problems in the use of multispecies test systems for predicting hazard. Further standardization of testing protocols using microbial colonization dynamics is advocated on the basis of previous studies, which have shown these parameters to be useful in assessing risk and impact of hazardous substances in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
14.
15.
Five methods of personality assessment are evaluated to provide guidance for the psychological treatment of patients with chronic back pain. Patient pain drawings, pentothal pain studies, stress score index, psychological testing with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and response to treatment challenge are used as measurements for evaluation. This evaluation gives the treating staff guidelines for individual treatment programs utilizing operant conditioning techniques. Using this approach, three fourths of the severely disabled patients seen have been successfully treated. 相似文献
16.
17.
P M Shaffer J R Cairns D C Dorman A M Lott 《The International journal of biochemistry》1984,16(4):429-434
Partially purified preparations from Aspergillus nidulans were shown to catalyze two alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase reactions: the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.3) and the thymine 7-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.6) reactions. These reactions showed an absolute requirement for alpha-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen and were stimulated by Fe(II), ascorbate and catalase. Both reactions demonstrated a stoichiometry such that for each mole of substrate (deoxyribonucleoside or pyrimidine) hydroxylated one mole of CO2 was produced from alpha-ketoglutarate. These two activities were separated using DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. 相似文献
18.
Natalie J. Beveridge Paul A. Tooney Adam P. Carroll Nham Tran Murray J. Cairns 《Cellular signalling》2009,21(12):1837-1845
Whole-genome microRNA and gene expression analyses were used to monitor changes during retinoic acid induced differentiation of neuroblasts in vitro. Interestingly, the entire miR-17 family was over-represented among the down-regulated miRNA. The implications of these changes are considerable, as target gene prediction suggests that the miR-17 family is involved in the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, synaptic plasticity and other markers of neuronal differentiation. Significantly, many of the target responses predicted by changes in miRNA expression were supported by the observed changes in gene expression. As expected, markers of neuronal differentiation such as anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) and zipper protein kinase (MAP3K12; aka ZPK/MUK/DLK) were each up-regulated in response to differentiation. The expression of these genes was also reduced in response to miR-17 and miR-20a transfection, and more specifically they were also shown to contain functional miRNA recognition elements for members of the miR-17 family by reporter gene assay. This suggests that the miR-17 family have an integral role in fine-tuning the pathways involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. 相似文献
19.
Autoradiography of HeLa cell DNA 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
J Cairns 《Journal of molecular biology》1966,15(1):372-373
20.