康定虫草主要寄主斜脉蝠蛾的研究

冬虫夏草是一味名贵的中药材.四川康定虫草的主要寄主斜脉蝠蛾翅面色斑多变异,可区分成“黑白斑”和“黄毛斑”两大色斑型.经交配试验和成虫形态特征(触角、口器、翅脉、前足、雌雄外生殖器和鳞片的超微结构等)的观察,证明为同一种,经鉴定是斜脉蝠蛾(Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang)^**.     

大齿大尾溞一新亚种(鳃足纲:双甲目)

本文绘图描述了大齿大尾骚的一新亚种,定名为长毛大尾溞Leydigia macrondonta longiseta subsp.nov.新亚种与其它亚种的主要不同是:后腹部每簇侧刚毛中的3—4根刚毛自前至后趋长,并且都比较长。     

叶穗香茶菜的二萜成分

从云南省中甸县产叶穗香茶菜[Rabdosia phyllostachys(Diels)Hara]叶中分得1个新二萜化合物,命名为叶穗香茶菜乙素(phyllostachysin B),经各项波谱数据确定,叶穗香茶菜乙素为6β,11β,14β—三羟基-15α-乙酰氧基-对映-贝壳杉-16-烯-20 醛-7-酮。另一个为已知化合物叶穗香茶菜甲素(phyllostachysin A)。     

Cold shock and heat shock: a comparison of the protection generated by brief pretreatment at less severe temperatures

Abstract Brief exposure to low (0^oC) or high (40^oC) temperature elicits a protective response that prevents injury when the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart, is subjected to more severe cold (-10^oC) or heat (45^oC). Both the low and high temperature responses were found in all developmental stages of the fly, but were most pronounced in the pupal and pharate adult stages. The protective responses generated by brief exposure to 0 or 40^oC appear similar in that both result in a rapid acquisition of cold or heat tolerance and a loss of protection after the flies are returned to 25^oC. The protection generated by chilling is obvious within 10 min of exposure to 0^oC while a 30 min exposure to 40^oC is required to induce the high temperature protection. High temperature protects against cold shock injury within a narrow range (around 36^oC) but we have no evidence that low temperature can protect against heat injury. We previously demonstrated that the rapid increase in cold tolerance correlates with concomitant increases in glycerol concentration, but in this study we found no significant elevation in glycerol in heat-shocked flies. Thus the physiological and biochemical bases for the rapid responses to cold and heat appear to be different.     

无眼金线鲃及其性状演化

无眼金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus是继我国个旧盲条鳅、无眼平鳅、裸腹盲鲃之后发现的第四种盲鱼。与近似种小孔金线鲃相比,该新种侧线鳞较少。由于它长期生活在黑暗的石灰岩溶洞之中,引起某些性状的适应性变异:眼睛消失;体无色素;鳞片退化,感觉器官特别发达。形态比较结果表明,无眼金线鲃是类似小孔金线鲃的祖先进入地下伏流后,适应黑暗环境而形成的一个种,为本属鱼类进化过程中的一个特化分支。     

大劣按蚊吸血活动与交配受精的关系

大劣按蚊Anophelos dirus是我国及东南亚地区的重要传疟媒介。研究表明成蚊羽化后,在未喂血的情况下,可有较高的交配受精率。在同一蚊笼,吸血机会完全相同的条件下,大蚊笼受精雌蚊吸血率为59.88%,未受精雌蚊的吸血率为35.38%;小蚊笼受精雌蚊的吸血率为74.13%,未受精雌蚊吸血率仅为43.56%。正常交配雌蚊的吸血率为49.71%,未进行交配的处女雌蚊吸血率为28.42%。同为正常交配蚊群,喂血组雌蚊受精率55.85%,不喂血组的受精率为44.51%。初步认为大劣按蚊的吸血活动与交配受精有一定的关系。     

图夜蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)

本文记述图夜蛾属一新种。新种的模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 隐图夜蛾Eugraphe obsoleta新种(图1) 翅展29毫米。头部淡褐色,下唇须第1、2节外侧大部褐黑色,第3节淡黄色,头顶褐色,雄蛾触角双栉形,栉齿短,有纤毛,颈板与翅基片淡褐色,胸部背面黑褐色,足暗灰褐色;腹部暗褐色,节间赭黄色;前翅淡赭黄色,中室色较暗,各横线不明显,环纹大,近圆形,     

Pacemaker Properties of Completely Isolated Neurones in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplysia californica</Emphasis>

SINGLE-CELL pacemaker activity is interesting because of its function in temporal organization and information processing in the nervous system. Many invertebrate neurones are regularly and autonomously active^1,2. Although the pacemaker rhythm probably originates within the recorded neurone, it is not clear whether it originates in the axonal tree or in the cell soma. Alving³ approached this question by studying pacemaker activity in the soma of Aplysia nerve cells, after ligaturing the axonal stem with fine sutures. The study described here presents evidence that nerve cell somata which are completely dissociated from all surrounding tissue and with or without axons, are able to maintain regular autorhythmic activity for periods of more than 24 h. The method of complete isolation of cells represents some progress over Alving's method because it is easier to accomplish, has a larger yield of viable neurones and allows longer recording periods.     

四川跳之一新属新种

本文记述跳(虫甲)亚科(Alticinae,Chrysomelidae)的新属Omeisphaera,系以新种O.anticata为模式种,产于四川峨眉山。模式标本保存在中国科学院北京动物研究所。 峨眉球跳(虫甲)Omeisphaera新属 本新属与Sphaeroderma Stephen及Argopus Fischer两属最接近,外形更酷似Argopus属的种类,但唇基正常(图3),不若该属种类之向前叉开而分为两叶。它的主要区别特征在于后胸腹板的前部,即介于中足基节之间的部分显著隆起,向前突出,与前胸腹板相遇,遮盖了中胸腹板(图4);前突的端末钝圆,不具边框。在Sphaeroderma、Argopus等属,后胸腹板前部并不隆起,端末具边框,与中胸腹板嵌合,处于同一水平。     

Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Narcissus Leaf

Carbohydrate contents of both the photosynthetic and the storageorgans of Narcissus tazetta L. were determined at four stagesin their development under both ‘natural’ growingconditions and under conditions of varying light intensities. Starch was abundantly stored in all the storage organs, particularlyin the bases of the photosynthetic organs under high light intensityand also at the second dormant stage. However, its level remainedrelatively stable in the green part of the foliage leaf andthe scape at different stages and appeared not to be affectedby light except at very high intensity. It was found in boththe bundle sheaths and guard cells. Sucrose, which is the first sugar of photosynthesis, was continuouslyexported from the green parts of the blade and the scape totheir bases where it was also stored. In the dark the sucroselevel became low in the green blade and the green scape butit rose with increase of light intensity. The hexose level was very low at the dormant stage in all organsexamined but rose as they matured and exceeded that of sucrosein the green organs except in high light intensity. Hexose isformed presumably as a result of sucrose hydrolysis and is constantlylost, presumably through respiration. At senescence sugar disappeared almost completely from all theorgans, while nearly 10 per cent of residual dry weight of starchremained in the dead tissues. The interrelationship betweenthe carbohydrates and their movement in the leaf is discussed.