虫生真菌双生座壳孢的研究

双生座壳孢(Aschersonia duplex Berk.)系日本卷毛蚧的病原真菌。此菌在人工培养基和自然基物上生长好,并能产生大量分生孢子。对 C 源中的蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨糖;N 源中的蛋白胨,天冬素、L-酪氨酸、KNO_3利用好。生长适温22—26℃。病原流行季节相对湿度在80％以上。田间接种,对寄主致病性强,有应用潜力。     

小地老虎变态期脂肪体变化及保幼激素类似物的影响

本文对小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)从四龄幼虫开始经预蛹和蛹的变态期及羽化为成虫后的脂肪体出现的超微结构变化,蛋白质含量的变动,以及蛋白质颗粒的形成和消失过程,进行了系统观察和组织化学分析。结果表明:(1)在幼虫期的后期,脂肪体扩大成宽带状,细胞体积增大的同时出现双核和多核。进入预蛹期,细胞内开始出现嗜碱性“蛋白质颗粒”,血细胞吞噬部分脂肪体细胞。蛹龄一天时,脂肪体转变成块状,细胞内充满大型蛋白质颗粒。在蛹龄5—10天内,“幼虫脂肪体”逐步崩解,围膜及细胞膜消失。至蛹龄12天时转变为预成虫,脂肪体细胞重新出现,并以气管分支为中心聚合成花朵状圆球体,再组成串状“成虫脂肪体”,仍充满蛋白质颗粒。幼虫期发达的粗面内质网和线粒体,至预蛹期则衰变成几种类型的蛋白质颗粒。(2)六龄幼虫在1—5日龄期间,每克脂肪体的蛋白质含量稳定在7.1—8.4毫克之间,随后逐步升高,至预蛹期达16.3毫克的峰值。蛹初期,雄蛹和雌蛹的含量分别增高到预蛹期的1.63和2.4倍。但在蛹龄2—8天内迅速下降到六龄幼虫期的水平。至蛹龄9—13天时间(包括预成虫),含量又突然猛增,雌蛹尤为显著。蛹期脂肪体细胞充满着的几种蛋白质颗粒,在羽化为成虫后的24小时内全部消失。在六龄幼虫期用保幼激素类似物ZR-515(20微克)作体壁处理,可使幼虫期延长4天,并使九日龄幼虫的脂肪体仍保持幼虫型状态。     

The rabbit alpha-like globin gene cluster is polymorphic both in the sizes of BamHI fragments and in the numbers of duplicated sets of genes

The alpha-like globin gene cluster in rabbits contains embryonic zeta- globin genes, an adult alpha-globin gene, and theta-globin genes of undetermined function. The basic arrangement of genes, deduced from analysis of cloned DNA fragments, is 5'-zeta 0-zeta 1-alpha 1-theta 1- zeta 2-zeta 3-theta 2-3'. However, the pattern of restriction fragments containing zeta- and theta-globin genes varies among individual rabbits. Analysis of BamHI fragments of genomic DNA from 24 New Zealand white rabbits revealed eight different patterns of fragments containing zeta-globin genes. The large BamHI fragments containing genes zeta 0 and zeta 1 are polymorphic in length, whereas a 1.9-kb fragment containing the zeta 2 gene and the 3.5-kb fragment containing the zeta 3 gene do not vary in size. In contrast to this constancy in the size of the restriction fragments, the copy number of the zeta 2 and zeta 3 genes does vary among different rabbits. No length polymorphism was detected in the BamHI fragments containing the theta-globin genes, but again the copy number varies for restriction fragments containing the theta 2 gene. The alpha 1- and theta 1-globin genes are located in a nonpolymorphic 7.2-kb BamHI fragment. The combined data from hybridization with both zeta and theta probes shows that the BamHI cleavage pattern does not vary within the region 5'-alpha 1-theta 1- zeta 2-zeta 3-theta 2-3', but the pattern genomic blot-hybridization patterns for the progeny of parental rabbits with different zeta-globin gene patterns shows that the polymorphic patterns are inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Two different haplotypes have been mapped based on the genomic blot-hybridization data. The variation in the alpha-like globin gene cluster in the rabbit population results both from differences in the copy number of the duplication block containing the zeta-zeta-theta gene set and from the presence or absence of polymorphic BamHI sites.      

油菜花序轴、叶片组织培养中形态发生的细胞组织学研究

油菜花序轴、叶片在MS培养基上经诱导可产生愈伤组织并形成再生植株。愈伤组织形成可分3个时期:细胞启动期、分裂期和分化期。实验证明:花序轴启动部位多发生在皮层薄壁细胞、髓部薄壁细胞、韧皮薄壁细胞和木薄壁细胞。叶片主要是叶肉细胞、叶脉薄壁细胞和表皮细胞启动。细胞分裂期的特点是启动细胞反复增殖,形成连续的分生细胞层。细胞分化期的特点是一部分细胞保持分裂能力,一部分细胞分化形成薄壁细胞和输导分子。观察了愈伤组织中器官发生的部位和方式。实验证明,根的发生多为内起源,芽的发生多为外起源。     

幼龄小白鼠全脑5SrRNA的全核苷酸序列测定

<正> 5S rRNA是一种稳定的独立小分子,在原核和真核细胞中都牢固地结合在核糖体的大亚基上。它在蛋白质生物合成过程中具有重要作用。微生物、大鼠肝细胞及某些植物细胞5S rRNA的一级结构都已经测定,脑细胞5SrRNA的一级结构尚未见报道。因此,我们对幼龄小鼠全脑5S rRNA的序列进行了分析。我们用辜祥荣等人的方法分离和纯化5S rRNA,5S rRNA3′-末端标记参照Peattie的方法(2)。3′-末端标记5S rRNA的序列分析用化学降解-凝胶直读法及特异RNa8e降解直     

金合欢根瘤菌的几种酶活特性

金合欢根瘤菌Rhizobium sp.(Acacia farnesiana)的氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、青霉素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶均呈阳性。经过酶活性定量测定表明金合欢根瘤菌有葡萄糖酸-6-磷酸脱氢酶(6PGD)和β-半乳糖苷酶的酶活性,而慢生型大豆根瘤菌未测到上述两种酶活性。根据聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳酯酶图谱,6株金合欢根瘤菌可分成两群:酋株AF1、AF2和AF3的酯酶图谱中有A带,AF4、AF5和AF6的酯酶图谱中没有A带。     

Molecular analysis of aberrations of Xp and Yq

Summary Three cases of Y chromosomal aberrations were studied using a panel of Y-specific DNA sequences from both Yp and euchromatic Yq. One case was a phenotypic male fetus with a Y-derived marker chromosome. The short arm of this chromosome was intact, but most of its long arm was missing. The second case had a 46,Xyq- karyotype with portions of euchromatic Yq, including the spermatogenesis region, missing. The third case was a phenotypic female with a 46,XXp+ karyotype. The extra material on the Xp+ chromosome was derived from the heterochromatic, and part of the euchromatic, portion of Yq. Application of X-specific DNA sequences demonstrated that the distal portion of the short arm of the translocation X chromosome was deleted (Xpter—p22.3). The three examples demonstrate the importance of diagnostic DNA analysis in cases of marker chromosomes, and X and Y chromosomal aberrations. In addition, the findings in the patients facilitate further deletion mapping of euchromatic Yq.     

自发性高血压大鼠血管α1肾上腺素受体亚型的改变

本工作在离体与整体条件下比较易卒中型自发性高血压(SHRSP)大鼠与WKY大鼠血管中α_1受体的两种亚型。在离体灌流的主动脉、肾动脉与肠系膜动脉,50μmol/L氯甲基可乐定(CEC)预温育30min可使α_1受体激动时引起的最大收缩张力在SHRSP与WKY大鼠分别降为对照时的31.4±8.3％与35.2±2.9％,68.4±8.2％与80.1±7.3％,68.4±6.3％与55.4±7.0％,两者间均无显著性差别。但10μmol/L硝苯吡啶对α_1受体收缩效应的阻断作用则在SHRSP大鼠大大超过WKY大鼠,最大收缩张力分别降为对照时的3.1±1.5％与56.5±4.8％(P<0.01),9.0±4.1％与23.6±3.5％(P<0.05),5.9±2.5％与28.0±0.8％(P<0.01)。整体动物实验也显示硝苯吡啶的降血压作用及对苯肾上腺素升血压效应的阻断作用在SHRSP大鼠都较WKY大鼠显著增强。离体主动脉a_1受体激动时的快速相与持续相收缩均主要由α_(1B)亚型激动引起,硝苯吡啶对快速相收缩的阻断作用在SHRSP与WKY大鼠无显著性差别,但对持续相收缩的阻断作用则在SHRSP大鼠显著强于WKY大鼠。上述结果提示SHRSP大鼠血管α_1受体两种亚型的分布没有显著改变,但α_(1B)受体激动时继发性细胞外Ca~(2+)进入的途径由非双氢吡啶敏感性钙通道转变为双氢吡啶敏感性钙通道。     

刺激隐神经中C类纤维诱发的小脑浦肯野细胞简单锋电位反应

用玻璃微电极记录了猫小脑浦肯野细胞的简单锋电位(PC-SS)。在标准化互协方差函数图中,PC-SS自发放电无明显波峰;弱刺激隐神经只引起A类纤维传入时,PC-SS出现A类诱发放电反应(A-CED),它包括潜伏期为16.7±0.9ms的早反应和270.8±12.8ms的晚反应。用极化电流选择性阻滞A类纤维传导后,强刺激只引起C类纤维单独传入时,出现潜伏期为142.4±4.3ms的C类诱发反应(C-CED)。强刺激同时引起A类和C类纤维传入时,只出现A-CED而不出现C-CED。按标准化功率谱密度函数分析,PC-SS自发放电可分为两种类型。一类为高峰型,最大能量峰值平均为15.7±4.7×10~(-3),峰频为4.07±1.67Hz;刺激A类纤维使峰值增大,而刺激C类纤维却使峰值减小。另一类为低峰型,峰值为8.4±1.4×10~(-3),峰频为3.67±2.90Hz。刺激A类和C类纤维均使峰值增大,前者增大更多,但峰频均无显著性变化。上述结果表明,C类纤维传入可以到达小脑浦肯野细胞,引起特异的PC-SS放电反应。