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91.
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Liam D. Cassidy Andrew RJ. Young Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera Birgit Nimmervoll Adil Jaulim Hung-Chang Chen 《Autophagy》2018,14(7):1256-1266
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway whose modulation has been linked to diverse disease states, including age-associated disorders. Conventional and conditional whole-body knockout mouse models of key autophagy genes display perinatal death and lethal neurotoxicity, respectively, limiting their applications for in vivo studies. Here, we have developed an inducible shRNA mouse model targeting Atg5, allowing us to dynamically inhibit autophagy in vivo, termed ATG5i mice. The lack of brain-associated shRNA expression in this model circumvents the lethal phenotypes associated with complete autophagy knockouts. We show that ATG5i mice recapitulate many of the previously described phenotypes of tissue-specific knockouts. While restoration of autophagy in the liver rescues hepatomegaly and other pathologies associated with autophagy deficiency, this coincides with the development of hepatic fibrosis. These results highlight the need to consider the potential side effects of systemic anti-autophagy therapies. 相似文献
93.
Alien fishes are considered a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in South Africa, yet relatively little regional information on their biology and ecology is available for many of these species. Seasonal changes in the diet of the bluegill Lepomis macrochirus in Howieson’s Poort Dam, Grahamstown, were assessed during summer and winter in 2014–2015, using stomach content analysis. In winter, juvenile and adult fish diets were dominated by crustacean zooplankton and insects, respectively. In summer, juvenile fish fed on crustaceans and insects, whereas adults consumed mostly fish eggs, indicating a potential impact by these invasive fish on native fish through oophagy. 相似文献
94.
Laser photocoagulation induced choroidal neovascularization currently is the most effective model available for the study of this disease in terms of efficacy of new drugs and therapies. Previously, evaluating the extent of choroidal neovascularization using this model was time- consuming and required the use of experienced personnel. We describe a new method for simple and rapid evaluation of laser induced choroidal neovascularization using densitometry. Fluorescein angiograms of a laser photocoagulated rat eye were scanned into a computer. Densitometry software subsequently was used to calculate the severity of the laser lesions. The densitometry method proved effective for calculating the extent of laser induced choroidal neovascularization. In addition, this method was more rapid than visual evaluations and less likely to produce errors. 相似文献
95.
EB Adamah-Biassi Y Zhang H Jung S Vissapragada RJ Miller ML Dubocovich 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2014,62(1):70-84
The pineal hormone melatonin activates two G-protein coupled receptors (MT1 and MT2) to regulate in part biological functions. The MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are heterogeneously distributed in the mammalian brain including humans. In the mouse, only a few reports have assessed the expression of the MT1 melatonin receptor expression using 2-iodomelatonin binding, in situ hybridization and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here, we described a transgenic mouse in which red fluorescence protein (RFP) is expressed under the control of the endogenous MT1 promoter, by inserting RFP cDNA at the start codon of MTNR1a gene within a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and expressing this construct as a transgene. The expression of RFP in the brain of this mouse was examined either directly under a fluorescent microscope or immunohistochemically using an antibody against RFP (RFP-MT1). RFP-MT1 expression was observed in many brain regions including the subcommissural organ, parts of the ependyma lining the lateral and third ventricles, the aqueduct, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the pars tuberalis, the habenula and the habenula commissure. This RFP-MT1 transgenic model provides a unique tool for studying the distribution of the MT1 receptor in the brain of mice, its cell-specific expression and its function in vivo. 相似文献
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97.
JOHN P. CANN 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1986,33(3):392-396
ABSTRACT. The feeding behavior and morphology of Nuclearia delicatula , the type species within the genus, was studied. Feeding was by penetration of damaged or old cells of Spirogyra or by actively ingesting cyanobacterial filaments (of Phormidium ), a form of behavior placing it in the family Nucleariidae. This confirms Cienkowski's (1865) observations that N. delicatula penetrates directly into damaged algal cells. This contrasts with the vampyrellids which penetrate healthy cells of Spirogyra. Characteristic behavior of the contractile vacuole complex complied with previous observations on Nuclearia. Mitochondria contain tubular, non-anastomosing cristae. 相似文献
98.
The incidence of Clostridium botulinum in farmed trout has been studied. Seventeen farms were visited; 5 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 10 in England. Fourteen hundred trout were examined and the incidence of Cl. botulinum in whole fish and viscera was 9·4 and 11·0%, respectively. The organism was demonstrated in 13 of the 17 farms examined ranging from 2·9 to 100%. Four visits to one farm showed only a slight variation in the incidence of the organism. 相似文献
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100.