Txnip基因siRNA慢病毒表达质粒构建及促进猪前体脂肪细胞分化

硫氧还蛋白互作蛋白(thioredoxin interacting protein, Txnip)是一种氧化还原调节蛋白质,与硫氧还蛋白结合并抑制其活性,调节细胞氧化还原状态,影响细胞多种生理过程,然而其在猪脂肪细胞分化中的作用尚不明确。本文设计合成3对靶向猪Txnip基因的shRNA寡核苷酸,分别连接于重组慢病毒载体pGLV_3/H_1/GFP+Puro构建siRNA表达质粒。测序验证后,与包装质粒共转染293T细胞,获得滴度1×10~8 pfu/mL的慢病毒干扰质粒。以MOI值100转染原代培养猪前体脂肪细胞,转染率均达80%以上,其中Txnip-shRNA-2转染细胞Txnip基因沉默率达75%。转染Txnip-shRNA-2的猪前体脂肪细胞用成脂分化培养液诱导后,每隔1 d检测细胞成脂分化及相关基因表达。结果发现,其分化比阴性对照质粒转染或未转染细胞显著增强(P<0.05),PPARγ和FAS mRNA表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。本文构建siRNA慢病毒表达质粒能有效干扰猪Txnip基因表达,Txnip表达沉默可通过上调PPARγ表达促进猪前体脂肪细胞分化。本研究提示,Txnip可能是猪脂肪细胞分化的抑制因子。     

棉铃虫叉头框蛋白A类似蛋白基因HarmFoxAl的克隆及表达谱分析

【目的】本研究旨在克隆并分析一种棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera叉头框蛋白A (forkhead box protein A, FoxA)类似蛋白基因HarmFoxAl,探讨2-十三烷酮胁迫下棉铃虫中肠中HarmFoxAl的表达情况,为进一步明确棉铃虫FoxA的功能和参与棉铃虫生长发育的调控通路提供依据。【方法】从棉铃虫幼虫中肠中扩增得到HarmFoxAl的cDNA序列,并对其氨基酸序列和蛋白结构进行分析。将HarmFoxAl的ORF序列连接至pET32a载体并转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli Transetta菌株,IPTG诱导后检测目的蛋白的表达形式,并利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白。通过qPCR检测棉铃虫不同发育阶段(1-6龄幼虫和预蛹),6龄幼虫不同组织(脂肪体、中肠、体壁和头部)以及10 mg/g 2-十三烷酮处理6龄幼虫不同时间后中肠中HarmFoxAl的表达谱。【结果】HarmFoxAl(GenBank登录号:XM021331806)的开放阅读框为669 bp,编码222个氨基酸,蛋白的相对分子质量和等电点分别为25.03 kD和6.34。氨基酸序列分析表明,HarmFoxAl单体蛋白无信号肽、跨膜区和二硫键,核心区域是由4个α螺旋和3个β折叠组成的球状结构。将重组的Transetta (pET32a-HarmFoxAl)菌株用0.5 mmol/L IPTG在25℃条件下诱导5 h,约45 kD的融合蛋白His-HarmFoxAl能以可溶的形式存在于重组菌中,这与预测的分子量(42.8 kD)相一致。发育阶段特异性表达谱表明,HarmFoxAl在棉铃虫1-3龄幼虫期、6龄幼虫期和预蛹期均有表达,且预蛹期的表达量最高。组织表达谱结果表明,该基因在6龄幼虫的脂肪体、中肠和体壁中表达,且脂肪体内的表达量最高,而在头部中不表达。10 mg/g 2-十三烷酮处理棉铃虫6龄幼虫后中肠中HarmFoxAl的表达量显著降低,但随着时间延长其表达量逐渐升高,处理48 h后表达量显著高于对照。【结论】棉铃虫HarmFoxAl在预蛹期和幼虫脂肪体中表达量最高,2-十三烷酮处理幼虫后HarmFoxAl的表达量急速降低后逐渐升高,推测其在棉铃虫变态发育和解毒代谢过程中发挥重要作用。     

A data management system for structural genomics

Background  

Structural genomics (SG) projects aim to determine thousands of protein structures by the development of high-throughput techniques for all steps of the experimental structure determination pipeline. Crucial to the success of such endeavours is the careful tracking and archiving of experimental and external data on protein targets.     

Genetic tailoring of N-linked oligosaccharides: the role of glucose residues in glycoprotein processing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo

In higher eukaryotes a quality control system monitoring the folding state of glycoproteins is located in the ER and is composed of the proteins calnexin, calreticulin, glucosidase II, and UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. It is believed that the innermost glucose residue of the N- linked oligosaccharide of a glycoprotein serves as a tag in this control system and therefore performs an important function in the protein folding pathway. To address this function, we constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains which contain nonglucosylated (G0), monoglucosylated (G1), or diglucosylated (G2) glycoproteins in the ER and used these strains to study the role of glucose residues in the ER processing of glycoproteins. These alterations of the oligosaccharide structure did not result in a growth phenotype, but the induction of the unfolded protein response upon treatment with DTT was much higher in G0 and G2 strains as compared to wild-type and G1 strains. Our results provide in vivo evidence that the G1 oligosaccharide is an active oligosaccharide structure in the ER glycoprotein processing pathway of S.cerevisiae. Furthermore, by analyzing N- linked oligosaccharides of the constructed strains we can directly show that no general glycoprotein glucosyltransferase exists in S. cerevisiae.      

Validated predictive modelling of the environmental resistome

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to public health. The role of the environment in the overall rise in antibiotic-resistant infections and risk to humans is largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate drivers of antibiotic-resistance levels across the River Thames catchment, model key biotic, spatial and chemical variables and produce predictive models for future risk assessment. Sediment samples from 13 sites across the River Thames basin were taken at four time points across 2011 and 2012. Samples were analysed for class 1 integron prevalence and enumeration of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. Class 1 integron prevalence was validated as a molecular marker of antibiotic resistance; levels of resistance showed significant geospatial and temporal variation. The main explanatory variables of resistance levels at each sample site were the number, proximity, size and type of surrounding wastewater-treatment plants. Model 1 revealed treatment plants accounted for 49.5% of the variance in resistance levels. Other contributing factors were extent of different surrounding land cover types (for example, Neutral Grassland), temporal patterns and prior rainfall; when modelling all variables the resulting model (Model 2) could explain 82.9% of variations in resistance levels in the whole catchment. Chemical analyses correlated with key indicators of treatment plant effluent and a model (Model 3) was generated based on water quality parameters (contaminant and macro- and micro-nutrient levels). Model 2 was beta tested on independent sites and explained over 78% of the variation in integron prevalence showing a significant predictive ability. We believe all models in this study are highly useful tools for informing and prioritising mitigation strategies to reduce the environmental resistome.     

一株耐低温纤维素酶高产菌株的筛选、鉴定和产酶的初步试验

从若尔盖高寒湿地距表层80cm处土壤中筛选出一株纤维素酶高产菌株XW-1。根据形态学、生理生化特征以及16SrDNA核酸序列分析结果表明,该菌属于缺陷短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas sp.)。对该菌产酶条件研究表明,XW-1在含0.5%CMC-Na条件下,20°C培养3d后出现最高酶活,达到15.6U/mL。对其酶学性质初步研究表明,该菌株所产纤维素酶的最适pH为6.0,最适反应温度为20°C,15°C时相对酶活达到80%,并且在5°C时,相对酶活仍能保持56%。     

酵母表面展示-酶联免疫吸附测定法的建立

以表面展示人源蛋白酶体α亚基6蛋白的重组酵母细胞,结合酶联吸附免疫原理检测技术,以表面展示有人源蛋白酶体α亚基6(proteasome subunit alpha6,PSα6)的重组酵母细胞及其对应的单克隆抗体3D7D12D为研究对象,建立酵母酶联免疫吸附(yeast-ELISA)检测技术,应用于检测小鼠单克隆抗体及单抗效价.应用该方法最佳酵母浓度为0.50A600;测得单抗效价为1∶5×105,与常规ELISA效价接近;交叉试验和阻断试验表明该方法特异性强;同时该方法可用于检测抗血清.结果表明,yeast-ELISA可直接应用于检测单抗,测得效价与常规抗原包被间接ELISA具有良好一致性,特异性好,无交叉反应性.     

宁夏枸杞内生细菌的多样性及其抑菌活性研究

【目的】对宁夏枸杞各药用部位内生细菌的分布特征、遗传多样性和抑菌活性进行分析。【方法】采用菌落计数和16S rRNA基因序列分析法研究枸杞内生细菌的分布特征、遗传多样性,采用琼脂扩散法测定其抑菌活性。【结果】从各药用组织器官中分离出内生细菌34株,隶属于7科11属,内生细菌的数量和群落组成存在明显的组织特异性,其数量表现为根皮>叶>花>果实,而多样性则表现为花>根皮>叶>果实。芽孢杆菌属为枸杞优势内生菌群,分布于所有组织中;抑菌实验结果表明有76.5%的内生菌对一种或多种病原菌的生长有抑制作用,芽孢杆菌属菌株R2、R7、L3和短波单胞菌属的R3拮抗番茄炭疽杆菌和玉米大斑病菌的能力较强,而多数菌株对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力较弱。【结论】枸杞可培养内生细菌遗传多样性丰富,对植物病原菌有较强的抑制活性。     

Relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m front crawl swimming performance

The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m performance, and establish which variable better explains long distance performance in swimming. Twenty-two swimmers (19.1±1.5 years, height 173.9±10.0 cm, body mass 71.2±10.2 kg; 76.6±5.3% of 400 m world record) underwent a lactate minimum test to determine lactate minimum speed (LMS) (i.e., aerobic capacity index). Moreover, the swimmers performed a 400 m maximal effort to determine mean speed (S400m), peak oxygen uptake (V.O2PEAK) and total anaerobic contribution (C_ANA). The C_ANA was assumed as the sum of alactic and lactic contributions. Physiological parameters of 400 m were determined using the backward extrapolation technique (V.O2PEAK and alactic contributions of C_ANA) and blood lactate concentration analysis (lactic anaerobic contributions of C_ANA). The Pearson correlation test and backward multiple regression analysis were used to verify the possible correlations between the physiological indices (predictor factors) and S400m (independent variable) (p < 0.05). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significant correlations were observed between S400m (1.4±0.1 m·s^-1) and LMS (1.3±0.1 m·s^-1; r = 0.80), V.O2PEAK (4.5±3.9 L·min^-1; r = 0.72) and C_ANA (4.7±1.5 L·O₂; r= 0.44). The best model constructed using multiple regression analysis demonstrated that LMS and V.O2PEAK explained 85% of the 400 m performance variance. When backward multiple regression analysis was performed, C_ANA lost significance. Thus, the results demonstrated that both aerobic parameters (capacity and power) can be used to predict 400 m swimming performance.