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Background
Body weight and body composition are relevant to the outcomes of cancer and antineoplastic therapy. However, their role in Phase I clinical trial patients is unknown.Methods
We reviewed symptom burden, body composition, and survival in 104 patients with advanced cancer referred to a Phase I oncology service. Symptom burden was analyzed using the MD Anderson Symptom Assessment Inventory(MDASI); body composition was evaluated utilizing computerized tomography(CT) images. A body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2 was considered overweight. Sarcopenia, severe muscle depletion, was assessed using CT-based criteria.Results
Most patients were overweight (n = 65, 63%); 53 patients were sarcopenic (51%), including 79% of patients with a BMI<25 kg/m2 and 34% of those with BMI≥25 kg/m2. Sarcopenic patients were older and less frequently African-American. Symptom burden did not differ among patients classified according to BMI and presence of sarcopenia. Median (95% confidence interval) survival (days) varied according to body composition: 215 (71–358) (BMI<25 kg/m2; sarcopenic), 271 (99–443) (BMI<25 kg/m2; non-sarcopenic), 484 (286–681) (BMI≥25 kg/m2; sarcopenic); 501 d (309–693) (BMI≥25 kg/m2; non-sarcopenic). Higher muscle index and gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis predicted longer survival in multivariate analysis after controlling for age, gender, performance status, and fat index.Conclusions
Patients referred to a Phase I clinic had a high frequency of sarcopenia and a BMI≥25 kg/m2, independent of symptom burden. Body composition variables were predictive of clinically relevant survival differences, which is potentially important in developing Phase I studies. 相似文献43.
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Ion contents in needles from Norway spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] growing in Würzburg and in the SO2-polluted Erzgebirge mountains were analysed to quantify cations which accumulate together with sulphate. In Würzburg there was a positive correlation of potassium (0.680 ± 0.300 Eq Eq?1 SO4?2), magnesium (0.415 ± 0.111 Eq Eq?1 SO4?2) and zinc (0.059 ± 0.006 Eq Eq?1 SO42?). In the Erzgebirge, potassium was also the stoichiometrically most important cation (0–887 ± 0–180 Eq K+ Eq?1 SO42?). All other correlations examined were weak or statistically non-significant. At both sites the calcium content of spruce needles did not depend on the sulphate content. The lack of a role for Ca2+ in neutralizing sulphate is a consequence of the presence of free oxalic acid in needles. Soluble oxalic acid precipitates Ca2+, which thereby becomes unavailable as a counterion for SO42?. The activity coefficients of Ca2+ and oxalate2?, and the solubility product of Ca-oxalate, were determined from in vivo data. It is concluded that the chronic accumulation of atmospheric sulphate in spruce needle vacuoles depletes available potassium and thereby strongly interferes with spruce growth and canopy turnover. This leads to impaired spruce vitality, even at sites where acute SO2 disease symptoms are absent. 相似文献
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CHANTAL BROSSARD FLORENCE ROUSSEAU GENEVIÈVE LLAMAS JEAN-PIERRE DUMONT 《Journal of sensory studies》2002,17(6):511-525
This study aimed to check the hypothesis that aroma concentration in the aqueous phase of an oil-in-water emulsion controlled the odor intensity of single aroma compounds. A set of flavored oil-in-water emulsions, prepared according to a 22 experimental design (aroma concentration, oil volume fraction) with two central points, was assessed for odor intensity by a 24-member panel during four sessions. In each session, three of the four-studied aroma molecules (benzaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, linalool and acetophenone) were investigated. Whatever the aroma, the experimental data showed that the oil volume fraction of the emulsion (from 0.12 to 0.48) did not influence the odor intensity. For each emulsion composition, aroma concentrations at equilibrium in both phases were calculated using the oil-water partition coefficient of the compound. Odor intensities, estimated from aroma concentration in the aqueous phase using previously reported modeling of odor intensity above water solutions, were then compared to experimental data. It is confirmed that the perceived odor intensity is governed by the aroma concentration in the aqueous phase at the time of the trial and not by the averaged apparent concentration in the emulsion. 相似文献
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Elevated CO2 enhances stomatal responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A , carbon assimilation rate
ABA, abscisic acid
Ci , intercellular space CO
g , leaf conductance
WUE, water use efficiency
Carbon dioxide and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major signals triggering stomatal closure. Their putative interaction in stomatal regulation was investigated in well-watered air-grown or double CO
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Clowes EJ Aherne FX Baracos VE 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2005,288(3):E564-E572
To investigate changes in muscle metabolism during lactation, serial biopsy of the triceps brachii was conducted in first-parity sows subjected to three degrees of selective protein mobilization through restriction of dietary protein intake (see Clowes EJ, Aherne FX, Foxcroft GR, and Baracos VE. J Anim Sci 81: 753-764, 2003). Muscle biopsies were taken 7 days before parturition and at 12 and 23 days of lactation. The following changes occurred after parturition, were progressive, and were significantly magnified in animals under the greatest degree of dietary protein restriction and hence of protein mobilization. Decreased RNA-to-DNA ratio (capacity for protein synthesis) was observed. The presence of increased expression of several elements of the ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic pathway suggested a robust catabolic response. However, as lactation progressed, and especially under conditions of increased dietary protein restriction, protein mobilization increased, muscle RNA-to-DNA ratio fell further, protease gene expression continued to rise, tissue free glutamine levels rose dramatically, and essential amino acid levels, especially branched-chain amino acids and threonine, fell to below prepartum levels. 相似文献
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Adegoke OA McBurney MI Samuels SE Baracos VE 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2003,284(6):G1017-G1026
Route of nutrient supply is important in regulation of intestinal protein metabolism, because total parenteral nutrition, compared with enteral feeding, leads to profound atrophy. Participation of the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks), their degradation in regulation of gut protein balance, and their possible modulation by specific nutrients are the focus of our work. We developed an in situ experimental system that allows controlled exposure of intestinal mucosa to nutrients systemically, luminally, or both. We examined the effects of systemic glucose and amino acid (AA) infusion in overnight-fasted piglets. Jejunal segments within each piglet were simultaneously, luminally perfused with solutions containing various AAs or glucose. Intravenous infusion of glucose increased mucosal Ks by 16% (P < 0.05), whereas intravenous infusion of AA had no effect on Ks. Systemic glucose infusion had no effect on mRNA levels for components of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. However, levels of these mRNA were reduced by intravenous or luminal AA supply. This effect was greatest (-50%) when highest tissue concentrations of AAs were achieved by the simultaneous infusion of AA by both routes (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that not only is the modulation of protein balance in the intestine in response to nutrients in part attributable to anabolic stimulation of protein synthesis initiated by the systemic appearance of glucose, but a fall in protein degradation is also a likely contributor. AAs appear to be a key factor required to reduce expression of genes connected with proteolysis. 相似文献
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An in vitro preparation of the extensor digitorum communis muscle from the chick (Gallus domesticus) for studies of protein turnover 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
V E Baracos M Langman A Mak 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology》1989,92(4):555-563
1. Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscles from the chick synthesized and degraded proteins at linear rates, and maintained high levels of ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen, for 9 hr of incubation. 2. The apparent viability of the EDC preparation was improved by the provision of a continuous supply of oxygen, glucose, insulin and amino acids at the levels found in chick plasma, and incubation at 33.5 degrees C. 3. Incubated muscles were in net negative protein balance; however, under optimal conditions, this represented only 0.03% of total protein/hr. Rates of protein synthesis in the EDC preparation were 65% of those determined in vivo, comparing favourably with values obtained by other workers in mammalian muscle. 4. Rates of protein synthesis responded to insulin, amino acids, and to the nutritional status of the bird, as had been observed in prior studies with mammalian muscle. By contrast to mammalian muscle protein degradation was relatively insensitive to these modifiers. 相似文献
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