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排序方式: 共有193条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Nicole R Stob Christopher Bell Marleen A van Baak Douglas R Seals 《Journal of applied physiology》2007,103(2):616-622
The thermic effect of food (TEF) is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure (EE) and energy balance. TEF is believed to be mediated in part by sympathetic nervous system activation and consequent beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation of metabolism. TEF is greater in habitually exercising than in sedentary adults, despite similar postprandial sympathetic nervous system activation. We determined whether augmented TEF in habitually exercising adults is associated with enhanced peripheral thermogenic responsiveness to beta-AR stimulation. In separate experiments in 22 sedentary and 29 habitually exercising adults, we measured the increase in EE (indirect calorimetry, ventilated hood) during beta-AR stimulation (intravenous isoproterenol: 6, 12, and 24 ng x kg fat-free mass(-1) x min(-1)) and EE before and after a liquid meal (40% of resting EE; 53% carbohydrate, 32% fat, 15% protein). The increase in EE during incremental isoproterenol administration was greater (P = 0.01) in habitual exercisers (0.34 +/- 0.03, 0.54 +/- 0.04, 0.81 +/- 0.05 kJ/min; means +/- SE) than in sedentary adults (0.26 +/- 0.03, 0.40 +/- 0.03, 0.64 +/- 0.04 kJ/min). The area under the TEF response curve was also greater (P = 0.04) in habitual exercisers (160 +/- 9 kJ) than in sedentary adults (130 +/- 11 kJ) and was positively related to beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). We conclude that TEF is related to beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness and that the greater TEF in habitual exercisers is attributable in part to their augmented beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness. Our results also suggest that peripheral thermogenic responsiveness to beta-AR stimulation is a physiological determinant of TEF and hence energy balance in healthy adult humans. 相似文献
136.
Williams RA Rode J Baak JP Charlton IG 《Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology》1999,21(4):353-357
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combined quantitative immunohistochemistry of S-100, nuclear morphometry and DNA image cytometry improves discrimination between benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). STUDY DESIGN: S-100 protein expression was measured in tissue sections of MSLs using an image cytometry system. Localized areas of high S-100 expression were used to identify regions in sequential, facing sections in which morphometric and cytometric features of nuclei, including DNA ploidy, were also measured. RESULTS: Malignant cases had significantly higher S-100 protein staining intensity, larger nuclei and greater DNA content (P < .05). High staining intensity for S-100 protein weakly correlated with variation in size of the mean nuclear area (P = .04) and DNA content (P = .03). Combining the features of nuclear area and DNA integrated optical density in areas of high-intensity staining for S-100 protein discriminated more accurately between 12 benign and 16 malignant areas than any of the features along (P = .0003). CONCLUSION: Combined multivariate quantitative immunohistochemical, morphometric and DNA cytometric analysis greatly improves discrimination between benign MSLs and malignant melanoma. Larger test sets are required to confirm the promising results of this initial study. 相似文献
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JP Valde LG Lawson A Lindberg JF Agger H Saloniemi O Østerås 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(4):201-210
Data from the national dairy cow recording systems during 1997 were used to calculate lactation-specific cumulative risk of mastitis treatments and cumulative risk of removal from the herds in Denmark, Finland Norway and Sweden. Sweden had the lowest risk of recorded mastitis treatments during 305 days of lactation and Norway had the highest risk. The incidence risk of recorded mastitis treatments during 305 days of lactation in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden was 0.177, 0.139, 0.215 and 0.127 for first parity cows and 0.228, 0.215, 0.358 and 0.204 for parities higher than three, respectively. The risk of a first parity cow being treated for mastitis was almost 3 times higher at calving in Norway than in Sweden. The period with the highest risk for mastitis treatments was from 2 days before calving until 14 days after calving and the highest risk for removal was from calving to 10 days after calving in all countries.The study clearly demonstrated differences in bovine mastitis treatment patterns among the Nordic countries. The most important findings were the differences in treatment risks during different lactations within each country, as well as differences in strategies with respect to the time during lactation mastitis was treated. 相似文献
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Dorien P. van Aggel‐Leijssen Wim H. Saris Anton J. Wagenmakers Gabby B. Hul Marleen A. van Baak 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2001,9(2):86-96
Objective: Previous studies have shown that fat metabolism is different in upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) obese women. The present study investigated whether the effect of low‐intensity exercise training on fat metabolism is different in UB and LB obese premenopausal women. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty‐one healthy, premenopausal women with either LB obesity (waist‐to‐hip ratio of ≤0.79; n = 8) or UB obesity (waist‐to‐hip ratio of ≥0.85; n = 13) participated in the present study. The UB obese women were matched and randomly divided in an exercise training group (UB) and a nonexercising control group (UB‐C). Subjects in the UB and LB groups participated in a low‐intensity exercise training program (40% Vo 2max) three times per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, measurements of fat metabolism at rest and during exercise, body composition, and maximal aerobic capacity were performed. Results: Exercise training did not change the respiratory exchange ratio at rest in the UB and LB groups. During exercise, relative fat oxidation increased in the UB group by 19% (p < 0.05), whereas no change in the LB and UB‐C groups was found. Plasma free fatty acid oxidation did not change by exercise training, and nonplasma fatty acid oxidation tended to increase in the UB group compared with the UB‐C group (p = 0.08). Discussion: Low‐intensity exercise training increased the contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure during exercise but not at rest in UB obese women. Exercise training had no significant effect on fat metabolism in the LB obese women. 相似文献
139.
Luis Clepf Passos Marianne Araújo Soares Mariana Abreu Costa JP Michaud Brenda Carolina Freire Geraldo Andrade Carvalho 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2017,27(9):1082-1095
In order to aid the integration of biological and chemical controls for the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), this study evaluated the relative toxicity of five insecticides to the leaf miner predator Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) (Hemiptera: Miridae). The insecticides evaluated were teflubenzuron, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, and cartap hydrochloride, all of which are recommended for control of T. absoluta in Brazil. Nymphs and adults of M. basicornis were exposed to tomato leaves treated with the insecticides, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The overall mortality caused by the products in both situations was recorded, and the survival of congeneric groups was analysed using the Weibull model. The persistence of the insecticides was also evaluated and they were categorised into toxicity classes proposed by the International Organisation for Biological Control (IOBC) based on predator mortality and persistence. Abamectin and chlorfenapyr were toxic to M. basicornis nymphs and adults in all bioassays. Cartap hydrochloride was slightly harmful to adults in laboratory assays, but harmful to nymphs, and moderately harmful under greenhouse conditions. Chlorantraniliprole and teflubenzuron were harmless in most assays, except when nymphs were exposed in the laboratory, where they were moderately and slightly harmful, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole and teflubenzuron should be preferred insecticides for use in tomato leaf miner IPM programmes that aim to conserve M. basicornis populations. 相似文献
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