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排序方式: 共有193条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Nicole R Stob Christopher Bell Marleen A van Baak Douglas R Seals 《Journal of applied physiology》2007,103(2):616-622
The thermic effect of food (TEF) is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure (EE) and energy balance. TEF is believed to be mediated in part by sympathetic nervous system activation and consequent beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation of metabolism. TEF is greater in habitually exercising than in sedentary adults, despite similar postprandial sympathetic nervous system activation. We determined whether augmented TEF in habitually exercising adults is associated with enhanced peripheral thermogenic responsiveness to beta-AR stimulation. In separate experiments in 22 sedentary and 29 habitually exercising adults, we measured the increase in EE (indirect calorimetry, ventilated hood) during beta-AR stimulation (intravenous isoproterenol: 6, 12, and 24 ng x kg fat-free mass(-1) x min(-1)) and EE before and after a liquid meal (40% of resting EE; 53% carbohydrate, 32% fat, 15% protein). The increase in EE during incremental isoproterenol administration was greater (P = 0.01) in habitual exercisers (0.34 +/- 0.03, 0.54 +/- 0.04, 0.81 +/- 0.05 kJ/min; means +/- SE) than in sedentary adults (0.26 +/- 0.03, 0.40 +/- 0.03, 0.64 +/- 0.04 kJ/min). The area under the TEF response curve was also greater (P = 0.04) in habitual exercisers (160 +/- 9 kJ) than in sedentary adults (130 +/- 11 kJ) and was positively related to beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). We conclude that TEF is related to beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness and that the greater TEF in habitual exercisers is attributable in part to their augmented beta-AR thermogenic responsiveness. Our results also suggest that peripheral thermogenic responsiveness to beta-AR stimulation is a physiological determinant of TEF and hence energy balance in healthy adult humans. 相似文献
122.
Vincens P; Buffat L; Andre C; Chevrolat JP; Boisvieux JF; Hazout S 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》1998,14(8):715-725
MOTIVATION: Complete genomic sequences will become available in the future.
New methods to deal with very large sequences (sizes beyond 100 kb)
efficiently are required. One of the main aims of such work is to increase
our understanding of genome organization and evolution. This requires
studies of the locations of regions of similarity. RESULTS: We present here
a new tool, ASSIRC ('Accelerated Search for SImilarity Regions in
Chromosomes'), for finding regions of similarity in genomic sequences. The
method involves three steps: (i) identification of short exact chains of
fixed size, called 'seeds', common to both sequences, using hashing
functions; (ii) extension of these seeds into putative regions of
similarity by a 'random walk' procedure; (iii) final selection of regions
of similarity by assessing alignments of the putative sequences. We used
simulations to estimate the proportion of regions of similarity not
detected for particular region sizes, base identity proportions and seed
sizes. This approach can be tailored to the user's specifications. We
looked for regions of similarity between two yeast chromosomes (V and IX).
The efficiency of the approach was compared to those of conventional
programs BLAST and FASTA, by assessing CPU time required and the regions of
similarity found for the same data set. AVAILABILITY: Source programs are
freely available at the following address: ftp://ftp.biologie.ens.
fr/pub/molbio/assirc.tar.gz CONTACT: vincens@biologie.ens.fr,
hazout@urbb.jussieu.fr
相似文献
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126.
Cytomorphometry. A methodologic study of preparation techniques, selection methods and sample sizes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P J van Diest A W Smeulders F B Thunnissen J P Baak 《Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology》1989,11(4):225-231
The influence of methodologic aspects on cytomorphometric features was studied using preparations of hepatoma and/or mastocytoma cells. First, two preparation techniques (smear and oese) were compared. Second, four methods of selecting cells for cytomorphometric analysis (two conventional and two stratified methods) were tested for reproducibility. Third, heterogeneous cell populations were used to estimate the required sample size using the running coefficient of variation (CV), and the results were compared with expected (theoretical) values of the required sample size calculated using the standard error of the mean. The results showed significantly lower CVs for the smear preparation technique. The stratified methods appeared to be superior to the conventional methods for selecting cells for measurement. The experimentally assessed sample sizes were considerably lower than the corresponding theoretical calculations. These findings suggest that morphometric assessments in cytologic smears should utilize a stratified cell selection method. While experimentally assessed sample sizes are relatively small and therefore better routinely applicable, they may yield less reliable results in some cases. The need to test a sample for its reproducibility as well as its discriminatory power is emphasized. 相似文献
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A. M. P. M. Bovens M. A. van Baak J. G. P. M. Vrencken J. A. G. Wijnen F. T. J. Verstappen 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1993,66(3):281-284
The purpose of this study was to investigate criteria for maximal effort in middle-aged men and women undertaking a maximal exercise test until they were exhausted if no measurements of oxygen uptake are made. A large group of 2164 men and 975 women, all active in sports and aged between 40 and 65 years, volunteered for a medical examination including a progressive exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. In the 3rd min of recovery a venous blood sample was taken to determine the plasma lactate concentration ([la–]p, 3min). Lactate concentration and maximal heart rate (f
c, max) were lower in the women than in the men (P<0.001). Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the contribution of sex to [la–]p, 3 min, independent of age and f
c max, It was found that [la–]p,3 min was about 2.5 mmol·l–1 lower in women than in men of the same age and f
c, max. In our population 88% of the men and 85% of the women met a combination of the following f
c, max and [la–]p, 3min criteria: f
c, max equal to or greater than 220 minus age beats·min–1 and/or [la–]p, 3min equal to or greater than 8 mmol·l–1 in the men and f
c, max equal to or greater than 220 minus age beats·min–1 and/or [la–]p, 3min equal to or greater than 5.5 mmol·1–1 in the women. 相似文献
130.