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391.
392.
393.
Fidan I Yuksel S Imir T Kalkanci A Kustimur S Ilhan MN 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2007,102(2):127-131
Candida infections are common infections and fluconazole is one of the most frequently administered antifungal agents in their treatment. The resistance developed against antifungal agents has necessitated the improvement of new treatments. This study focuses on the investigation of the effect of fluconazole and cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on chemokine production and anticandidal activity of human monocytes. In the study it was observed that GM-CSF caused an increase in candidacidal activity of monocytes. Anticandidal activity of GM-CSF + IFN-gamma combination was not found to be more effective than GM-CSF or IFN-gamma alone. The presence of cytokine and fluconazole caused an increase in the levels of CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines. Accordingly, it was considered that chemokines could contribute to the efficacy of fluconazole in C. albicans infections. Besides, in order to strengthen the immune system some cytokines might be used in addition to antifungal agents for the treatment. 相似文献
394.
Animals need to associate different environmental stimuli with each other regardless of whether they temporally overlap or not. Drosophila melanogaster displays olfactory trace conditioning, where an odor is followed by electric shock reinforcement after a temporal gap, leading to conditioned odor avoidance. Reversing the stimulus timing in olfactory conditioning results in the reversal of memory valence such that an odor that follows shock is later on approached (i.e. relief conditioning). Here, we explored the effects of stimulus timing on memory in another sensory modality, using a visual conditioning paradigm. We found that flies form visual memories of opposite valence depending on stimulus timing and can associate a visual stimulus with reinforcement despite being presented with a temporal gap. These results suggest that associative memories with non-overlapping stimuli and the effect of stimulus timing on memory valence are shared across sensory modalities. 相似文献
395.
Anke Doyon Dagmar-Christiane Fischer Aysun Karabay Bayazit Nur Canpolat Ali Duzova Betül S?zeri Justine Bacchetta Ayse Balat Anja Büscher Cengiz Candan Nilgun Cakar Osman Donmez Jiri Dusek Martina Heckel Günter Klaus Sevgi Mir Gül ?zcelik Lale Sever Rukshana Shroff Enrico Vidal Elke Wühl Matthias Gondan Anette Melk Uwe Querfeld Dieter Haffner Franz Schaefer for the C Study Consortium 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
ObjectivesThe extent and relevance of altered bone metabolism for statural growth in children with chronic kidney disease is controversial. We analyzed the impact of renal dysfunction and recombinant growth hormone therapy on a panel of serum markers of bone metabolism in a large pediatric chronic kidney disease cohort.MethodsBone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), sclerostin and C-terminal FGF-23 (cFGF23) normalized for age and sex were analyzed in 556 children aged 6–18 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 10–60 ml/min/1.73m2. 41 children receiving recombinant growth hormone therapy were compared to an untreated matched control group.ResultsStandardized levels of BAP, TRAP5b and cFGF-23 were increased whereas sclerostin was reduced. BAP was correlated positively and cFGF-23 inversely with eGFR. Intact serum parathormone was an independent positive predictor of BAP and TRAP5b and negatively associated with sclerostin. BAP and TRAP5B were negatively affected by increased C-reactive protein levels. In children receiving recombinant growth hormone, BAP was higher and TRAP5b lower than in untreated controls. Sclerostin levels were in the normal range and higher than in untreated controls. Serum sclerostin and cFGF-23 independently predicted height standard deviation score, and BAP and TRAP5b the prospective change in height standard deviation score.ConclusionMarkers of bone metabolism indicate a high-bone turnover state in children with chronic kidney disease. Growth hormone induces an osteoanabolic pattern and normalizes osteocyte activity. The osteocyte markers cFGF23 and sclerostin are associated with standardized height, and the markers of bone turnover predict height velocity. 相似文献
396.
Mutluhan H Akbas E Erdogan NE Soylemez F Senli MS Polat A Helvaci I Seyrek E 《DNA and cell biology》2008,27(10):575-579
Alterations of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protooncogene have been implicated in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer. A polymorphism has been identified at codon 655 (ATC/isoleucine to GTC/valine [I655V]) in the transmembrane domain-coding region of this gene, which may be associated with the risk of breast cancer. In this study we aimed to determine whether the risk of breast cancer is associated with the I655V polymorphism of HER2 transmembrane domain-coding region at codon 655. The genomic DNA from breast cancer patients and control subjects underwent analysis by the polymerase chain reaction-fragment length polymorphism. We observed no overall association between HER2 genotype and breast cancer (p = 0.53). However, an elevated positive association was observed for Ile/Val+Val/Val versus Ile/Ile genotypes in women >age 60 years (p = 0.02). Further, other risk factors--namely, the body mass index and family history--were found to be risk factors for developing breast cancer (p = 0.006 and p = 0.00, respectively). In conclusion, results of this study suggest that polymorphisms of the HER2 gene may be important susceptibility biomarkers for breast cancer risk among older women. 相似文献
397.
The traditional view of skeletal homeostasis as a primarily endocrine activity has been expanded in recent years following the identification of direct neural pathways controlling bone homeostasis via central relays. Powerful control over both anabolic and catabolic activities have been isolated to neurons of the hypothalamus, enabling large changes in bone mass to be achieved by minute changes in the levels of these central neural signals. Initiated by studies of leptin and expanding rapidly, the breadth and complexity of this regulatory axis to bone is sure to increase. Critically though, the translation of these findings into therapeutic interventions is likely to present a greater challenge. However, the contribution to our understanding that these initial studies are making indicates an exciting potential to help to alleviate the growing challenge presented by musculoskeletal disease. 相似文献
398.
The association of the gene encoding calpain 10 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. In this study we aimed to evaluate the association of SNP-19,-44, and -63 polymorphisms of calpain 10 with type 2 diabetes and diabetic-related conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in a Turkish population. The study group included 202 patients (133 female and 69 male) with T2DM, while the control group included 80 nondiabetic people (44 female and 36 male). Genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Calpain 10 SNP-44 TC genotype was found to be significantly frequent in type 2 diabetic patients with respect to the control group (p < 0.01). Body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly high in TC genotype with type 2 diabetic patients (p < 0.05). SNP-44 T allele frequency was found to be lower in type 2 diabetic patients compared with the controls (p < 0.01). We conclude that the calpain 10 SNP-44 gene polymorphism may be accepted as a risk factor in the development of T2DM and elevated BMI in type 2 diabetic patients in a Turkish population. 相似文献
399.
Ayse Kalkanci Nanthawan Mekha Natteewan Poonwan Koichi Makimura Takashi Sugita 《Microbiology and immunology》2008,52(9):435-439
The in vitro activity of AMPH‐B, 5‐FC, FLCZ, MCZ, ITCZ, and VRCZ against 50 isolates of T. asahii was determined using CLSI M27‐A2 microdilution and ASTY colorimetric methods. Observed agreement ranged from 96 to 100% according to the drug. Overall, the agreement between two methods was 97.7%. The ASTY colorimetric method was thus determined to be comparable to the CLSI reference method when testing the susceptibility of T. asahii to a variety of antifungal agents. 相似文献
400.
Aycan Bilisik Ayse Yenigun Adem Bicakci Kayi Eliacik Yakup Canitez Hulusi Malyer Nihat Sapan 《Aerobiologia》2008,24(1):61-66
Pollen grains in the atmosphere of Didim, collected using a Durham sampler, were investigated in 2004 and 2005. Weekly pollen
grains per square centimetre were calculated. Over a period of 2 years, 17,518 pollen grains/cm2 belonging to 40 taxa and unidentified pollen grains were recorded. In 2004, 9,879 pollen grains were counted per cm2, and in 2005 the value was 7,639 per cm2. The majority of pollen grains investigated were Pinus spp. (45.58%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (13.49%), Olea spp. (9.19%), Platanus spp. (7.62%), Gramineae (6.33%), Pistacia spp. (4.34%), Morus spp. (3.81%), Quercus spp. (2.02%), Abies spp. (1.39%), and Plantago spp. (1.11%). During the month of April, 40.46% of total pollen grains were recorded. According to our results, pollen season
durations for the dominated pollen grains in Didim were: the 7th–33rd weeks for Pinus spp., nearly the whole year except summer for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, the 17th–29th weeks for Olea spp., the 10th–24th weeks for Platanus spp., the 8th–46th weeks for Gramineae, the 8th–20th weeks for Pistacia spp., the 11th–21st weeks for Morus spp., the 17th–21st weeks for Quercus spp., the 9th–27th weeks for Abies spp., and the 7th–26th weeks for Plantago spp. 相似文献