排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Frederic?JiguetEmail author Romain?Julliard Denis?Couvet Aurelie?Petiau 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2005,14(13):3305-3324
We used data from the French breeding bird survey to estimate local bird species richness within sampled sites, using capture–recapture
models. We investigated the possible effects of habitat structure and composition (landscape fragmentation, habitat cover
and diversity) on estimated species richness at a local scale, and used the identified trends to help with modeling species
richness at a large spatial scale. We performed geostatistical analyses based on spatial autocorrelation – cokriging models
– to interpolate estimated species richness over the entire country, providing an opportunity to predict species-rich areas.
We further compared species richness obtained with this method to species and rarity richness obtained using a national atlas
of breeding birds. Estimated species richness was higher in species richness hotspots identified by the atlas. Combining informations
on rare species from Atlas and species richness estimates from sound sampling based schemes should help with identifying species-rich
areas for various taxa and locating biodiversity hotspots to be protected as high conservation value areas, especially in
temperate zones where diversity hotspots are likely to match centers of high species richness because of very few centers
of true endemicity. 相似文献
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A high‐resolution genetic map of the cereal crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum provides a near‐complete genome assembly 下载免费PDF全文
Donald M. Gardiner Aurelie H. Benfield Jiri Stiller Stuart Stephen Karen Aitken Chunji Liu Kemal Kazan 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2018,19(1):217-226
Fusarium pseudograminearum is an important pathogen of wheat and barley, particularly in semi‐arid environments. Previous genome assemblies for this organism were based entirely on short read data and are highly fragmented. In this work, a genetic map of F. pseudograminearum has been constructed for the first time based on a mapping population of 178 individuals. The genetic map, together with long read scaffolding of a short read‐based genome assembly, was used to give a near‐complete assembly of the four F. pseudograminearum chromosomes. Large regions of synteny between F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum, the related pathogen that is the primary causal agent of cereal head blight disease, were previously proposed in the core conserved genome, but the construction of a genetic map to order and orient contigs is critical to the validation of synteny and the placing of species‐specific regions. Indeed, our comparative analyses of the genomes of these two related pathogens suggest that rearrangements in the F. pseudograminearum genome have occurred in the chromosome ends. One of these rearrangements includes the transposition of an entire gene cluster involved in the detoxification of the benzoxazolinone (BOA) class of plant phytoalexins. This work provides an important genomic and genetic resource for F. pseudograminearum, which is less well characterized than F. graminearum. In addition, this study provides new insights into a better understanding of the sexual reproduction process in F. pseudograminearum, which informs us of the potential of this pathogen to evolve. 相似文献
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Cindy I. Canale Arpat Ozgul Dominique Allainé Aurelie Cohas 《Global Change Biology》2016,22(10):3286-3303
Morphological changes following changes in species' distribution and phenology have been suggested to be the third universal response to global environmental change. Although structural size and body mass result from different genetic, physiological, and ecological mechanisms, they are used interchangeably in studies evaluating population responses to environmental change. Using a 22‐year (1991–2013) dataset including 1768 individuals, we investigated the coupled dynamics of size and mass in a hibernating mammal, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), in response to local environmental conditions. We (i) quantified temporal trends in both traits, (ii) determined the environmental drivers of trait dynamics, and (iii) identified the life‐history processes underlying the observed changes. Both phenotypic traits were followed through life: we focused on the initial trait value (juvenile size and mass) and later‐life development (annual change in size [Δsize] and mass [Δmass]). First, we demonstrated contrasting dynamics between size and mass over the study period. Juvenile size and subsequent Δsize showed significant declines, whereas juvenile mass and subsequent Δmass remained constant. As a consequence of smaller size associated with a similar mass, individuals were in better condition in recent years. Second, size and mass showed different sensitivities to environmental variables. Both traits benefited from early access to resources in spring, whereas Δmass, particularly in early life, also responded to summer and winter conditions. Third, the interannual variation in both traits was caused by changes in early life development. Our study supports the importance of considering the differences between size and mass responses to the environment when evaluating the mechanisms underlying population dynamics. The current practice of focusing on only one trait in population modeling can lead to misleading conclusions when evaluating species' resilience to contemporary climate change. 相似文献
105.
Improving cold storage and processing traits in potato through targeted gene knockout 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Benjamin M. Clasen Thomas J. Stoddard Song Luo Zachary L. Demorest Jin Li Frederic Cedrone Redeat Tibebu Shawn Davison Erin E. Ray Aurelie Daulhac Andrew Coffman Ann Yabandith Adam Retterath William Haun Nicholas J. Baltes Luc Mathis Daniel F. Voytas Feng Zhang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2016,14(1):169-176
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Aurelie Jeandron Jeroen H. J. Ensink Stig M. Thamsborg Anders Dalsgaard Mita E. Sengupta 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
The importance of hands in the transmission of soil transmitted helminths, especially Ascaris and Trichuris infections, is under-researched. This is partly because of the absence of a reliable method to quantify the number of eggs on hands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method to assess the number of Ascaris eggs on hands and determine the egg recovery rate of the method. Under laboratory conditions, hands were seeded with a known number of Ascaris eggs, air dried and washed in a plastic bag retaining the washing water, in order to determine recovery rates of eggs for four different detergents (cationic [benzethonium chloride 0.1% and cetylpyridinium chloride CPC 0.1%], anionic [7X 1% - quadrafos, glycol ether, and dioctyl sulfoccinate sodium salt] and non-ionic [Tween80 0.1% -polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate]) and two egg detection methods (McMaster technique and FLOTAC). A modified concentration McMaster technique showed the highest egg recovery rate from bags. Two of the four diluted detergents (benzethonium chloride 0.1% and 7X 1%) also showed a higher egg recovery rate and were then compared with de-ionized water for recovery of helminth eggs from hands. The highest recovery rate (95.6%) was achieved with a hand rinse performed with 7X 1%. Washing hands with de-ionized water resulted in an egg recovery rate of 82.7%. This washing method performed with a low concentration of detergent offers potential for quantitative investigation of contamination of hands with Ascaris eggs and of their role in human infection. Follow-up studies are needed that validate the hand washing method under field conditions, e.g. including people of different age, lower levels of contamination and various levels of hand cleanliness. 相似文献
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Antoine Henninot Aurelie Terrier Julie Charton Rémi Urbain Alexandre Fontayne Benoit Deprez Terence Beghyn 《Analytical biochemistry》2015
Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC–MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. This process gives rapid access to isoform and glycoform profiles. To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE–LIF), currently considered as the “gold standard” method. 相似文献
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Abderrahmani R François A Buard V Tarlet G Blirando K Hneino M Vaurijoux A Benderitter M Sabourin JC Milliat F 《PloS one》2012,7(4):e35740
Normal tissue toxicity still remains a dose-limiting factor in clinical radiation therapy. Recently, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (SERPINE1/PAI-1) was reported as an essential mediator of late radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, it is not clear whether PAI-1 plays a role in acute radiation-induced intestinal damage and we hypothesized that PAI-1 may play a role in the endothelium radiosensitivity. In vivo, in a model of radiation enteropathy in PAI-1 -/- mice, apoptosis of radiosensitive compartments, epithelial and microvascular endothelium was quantified. In vitro, the role of PAI-1 in the radiation-induced endothelial cells (ECs) death was investigated. The level of apoptotic ECs is lower in PAI-1 -/- compared with Wt mice after irradiation. This is associated with a conserved microvascular density and consequently with a better mucosal integrity in PAI-1 -/- mice. In vitro, irradiation rapidly stimulates PAI-1 expression in ECs and radiation sensitivity is increased in ECs that stably overexpress PAI-1, whereas PAI-1 knockdown increases EC survival after irradiation. Moreover, ECs prepared from PAI-1 -/- mice are more resistant to radiation-induced cell death than Wt ECs and this is associated with activation of the Akt pathway. This study demonstrates that PAI-1 plays a key role in radiation-induced EC death in the intestine and suggests that this contributes strongly to the progression of radiation-induced intestinal injury. 相似文献