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71.
Hydrogen Evolution: Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Cobalt Phosphide Architecture Encapsulated into B/N Co‐Doped Graphene Nanotubes for All pH Value Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution (Adv. Energy Mater. 9/2017) 下载免费PDF全文
72.
Asif Ameen Xiaolin Yang Feng Chen Chaochen Tang Fu Du Shah Fahad Guang Hui Xie 《Bioenergy Research》2017,10(2):363-376
Energy sorghum tolerates adverse climatic and edaphic conditions and has great potential as biofuel feedstock in marginal land. This study investigates the potential energy sorghum biomass production and uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on a sandy loam marginal land in a semi-arid region, in order to define optimum N fertilizer rate to produce the highest biomass yield with minimal nutrient elimination. Five N rate treatments (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha?1) and two sorghum varieties (sweet type Guotian-8 (GT-8) and biomass type Guoneng-11 (GN-11)) were used. Yield increment was observed as N level increased, but the standout treatment appeared to be N rate of 60 kg ha?1 which significantly increased biomass yield vs. controls by 68.8% in 2014 and 64.1% in 2015. Biomass yield exhibited non-significant differences between N rate treatments from 60 to 240 kg ha?1, although the highest biomass yield (9.2–11.9 t ha?1) was observed in the 120 kg N ha?1 treatment. Nutrient analysis showed that N, P, and K accumulation in aboveground plants increased with N rate increase, ranging between 32.2 and 119.1, 7.9 and 19.2, and 22.1 and 94.0 kg ha?1, respectively, for the highest N rate of 240 kg ha?1. Substantial amounts of N were extracted from the soil in control and 60 kg N ha?1 treatments, despite the low fertility and organic matter content of the soil. Moreover, nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) was maximized at lower N rates. A decline in physiological N use efficiency (PNUE) resulted in decreased agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE) at higher N rates. Hence, it is concluded that N fertilizer rate between 60 and 120 kg ha?1 would be the optimal N requirement to facilitate sustainable production of energy sorghum on a sandy wasteland. 相似文献
73.
Two DNA fingerprinting techniques, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism
(IRAP), were used to characterize somaclonal variants of banana. IRAP primers were designed on the basis of repetitive and
genome-wide dispersed long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon families for assessing the somaclonal variation in 2Musa clones resistant and susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense race 4. RAPD markers successfully detected genetic variation within and between individuals of the clones. IRAP makers amplified
either by a single primer or a combination of primers based on LTR orientation successfully amplified different retrotransposons
dispersed in theMusa genome and detected new events of insertions. RAPD markers proved more polymorphic than IRAP markers. Somaclonal variation
seems to be the result of numerous indels occurring genome-wide accompanied by the activation of retroelements, as a result
of stress caused by micropropagation. It is concluded that characterization of the somaclonal variants requires more than
one DNA marker system to detect variation in diverse components of the genome. 相似文献
74.
75.
Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) has been vastly implicated in mutagenesis and cancer development. Present study probes the antigenicity of peroxynitrite damaged DNA (ONOO−-DNA) in cancer patients. Purified human placental DNA was damaged by the synergistic action of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Pyrogallol for 3 h at 37 °C. Binding characteristics of cancer autoantibodies as well as experimentally induced anti-peroxynitrite-DNA (anti-ONOO−-DNA) antibodies were assessed by ELISA and band shift assay. DNA modifications produced single strand breaks, decreased melting temperature (Tm), hyperchromicity in UV spectrum and decreased fluorescence intensity. The ONOO−-DNA induced high titre antibodies in experimental animals. Cancer autoantibodies exhibited enhanced binding with the modified DNA as compared to the native form. Lymphocyte DNA from cancer patients showed appreciable recognition of anti-ONOO−-DNA IgG as compared to the DNA from healthy subjects. The peroxynitrite modified DNA presents unique epitopes which may be one of the factors for the autoantibody induction in cancer patients. 相似文献
76.
The potential use of the immobilized Mentha arvensis distillation waste (IMADW) biomass for removal and recovery of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous was evaluated in the present study. Biosorption capacity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on IMADW increased with increase in pH reaching a maximum at 5 for Cu(II) and 6 for Zn(II). The equilibrium sorption data agreed well with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model in batch mode. Cu(II) and Zn(II) uptake by IMADW was best described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model in continuous mode. Maximum Cu(II) and Zn(II) uptake by IMADW was 104.48 and 107.75 mg/g, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also carried out to investigate functional groups and surface changes of biomass. The results showed that IMADW biomass is a potential biomaterial to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions with a high biosorption capacity from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
77.
78.
Background
Understanding the evolutionary origins of a phenotype requires understanding the relationship between ontogenetic and phylogenetic processes. Human infants have been shown to undergo a process of perceptual narrowing during their first year of life, whereby their intersensory ability to match the faces and voices of another species declines as they get older. We investigated the evolutionary origins of this behavioral phenotype by examining whether or not this developmental process occurs in non-human primates as well.Methodology/Principal Findings
We tested the ability of infant vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), ranging in age from 23 to 65 weeks, to match the faces and voices of another non-human primate species (the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta). Even though the vervets had no prior exposure to rhesus monkey faces and vocalizations, our findings show that infant vervets can, in fact, recognize the correspondence between rhesus monkey faces and voices (but indicate that they do so by looking at the non-matching face for a greater proportion of overall looking time), and can do so well beyond the age of perceptual narrowing in human infants. Our results further suggest that the pattern of matching by vervet monkeys is influenced by the emotional saliency of the Face+Voice combination. That is, although they looked at the non-matching screen for Face+Voice combinations, they switched to looking at the matching screen when the Voice was replaced with a complex tone of equal duration. Furthermore, an analysis of pupillary responses revealed that their pupils showed greater dilation when looking at the matching natural face/voice combination versus the face/tone combination.Conclusions/Significance
Because the infant vervets in the current study exhibited cross-species intersensory matching far later in development than do human infants, our findings suggest either that intersensory perceptual narrowing does not occur in Old World monkeys or that it occurs later in development. We argue that these findings reflect the faster rate of neural development in monkeys relative to humans and the resulting differential interaction of this factor with the effects of early experience. 相似文献79.
Chandramouli Chandrasekaran Andrea Trubanova Sébastien Stillittano Alice Caplier Asif A. Ghazanfar 《PLoS computational biology》2009,5(7)
Humans, like other animals, are exposed to a continuous stream of signals, which are dynamic, multimodal, extended, and time varying in nature. This complex input space must be transduced and sampled by our sensory systems and transmitted to the brain where it can guide the selection of appropriate actions. To simplify this process, it''s been suggested that the brain exploits statistical regularities in the stimulus space. Tests of this idea have largely been confined to unimodal signals and natural scenes. One important class of multisensory signals for which a quantitative input space characterization is unavailable is human speech. We do not understand what signals our brain has to actively piece together from an audiovisual speech stream to arrive at a percept versus what is already embedded in the signal structure of the stream itself. In essence, we do not have a clear understanding of the natural statistics of audiovisual speech. In the present study, we identified the following major statistical features of audiovisual speech. First, we observed robust correlations and close temporal correspondence between the area of the mouth opening and the acoustic envelope. Second, we found the strongest correlation between the area of the mouth opening and vocal tract resonances. Third, we observed that both area of the mouth opening and the voice envelope are temporally modulated in the 2–7 Hz frequency range. Finally, we show that the timing of mouth movements relative to the onset of the voice is consistently between 100 and 300 ms. We interpret these data in the context of recent neural theories of speech which suggest that speech communication is a reciprocally coupled, multisensory event, whereby the outputs of the signaler are matched to the neural processes of the receiver. 相似文献
80.
Muhammad Tariq Murtaza Memon Asif Jafferani Sana Shoukat Saqib Ali Gowani Rabeeya Nusrat Mehmood Riaz Junaid Patel Bushra Jamil Raymond A. Smego Jr. 《PloS one》2009,4(10)